干旱和季节对温带丛枝菌根和外生菌根树种根系寿命的影响,Journal of Ecology

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干旱和季节对温带丛枝菌根和外生菌根树种根系寿命的影响
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2019-05-07 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13181
Rebecca Liese ₁ , Christoph Leuschner ₁ , Ina C. Meier ₁

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细根在碳（C）和养分循环中起关键作用，因为细根的寿命驱动土壤有机碳的输入，从而驱动氮（N）的利用率。在温带林木中发现的两种主要真菌共生酶，即外生菌根（ECM）和丛枝菌根（AM），在感染时会引起不同的根系形态变化，但对根系寿命的影响尚不清楚。
在大型中观世界的因子干旱试验中，我们使用小型根瘤菌探索了4种AM和4种ECM树种在细根寿命方面的差异。
AM和ECM幼树对土壤水分和根系生根的响应中，根系寿命的中位数根本不同。与潮湿土壤相比，干旱土壤的ECM根系寿命从176天减少到81天，与季节无关。相比之下，与生长期早期和中期相比，AM根对干旱的响应时间较短，但从185天减少到127天。在两种菌根类型中，根的寿命与根直径成正相关，与低阶根的部分成负相关。
综合。尽管我们的研究结果表明形态和建筑特征可以预测树木的根系寿命，但它们也表明AM和ECM幼树的根系寿命对环境响应的根本差异。这些知识有助于改善对根系寿命的整体预测。

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The effect of drought and season on root life span in temperate arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal tree species

Fine roots play a key role in carbon (C) and nutrient cycling, since fine root life span drives soil organic C input and, thus, nitrogen (N) availability. The two main fungal symbioses found in temperate forest trees, ectomycorrhizae (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), induce different root morphological changes upon infection, but the consequences for root life span are not clear.
We explored differences in fine root life span between four AM and four ECM tree species using mini‐rhizotrons in a factorial drought experiment in large mesocosms.
Median root life span of young AM and ECM trees differed fundamentally in its response to soil moisture and season of root birth; ECM root life span was reduced from 176 to 81 days in dry soil compared to moist soil, independent of season. By contrast, AM root life span was less responsive to drought, but decreased from 185 to 127 days when comparing roots produced early in the growing season versus mid‐season. In both mycorrhizal types, root life span was positively related to root diameter and negatively to the portion of lower order roots.
Synthesis. While our results indicate morphological and architectural traits that predict root life span across tree species, they also indicate fundamental differences in the environmental response of root life span in young AM and ECM trees. This knowledge helps to improve global predictions of root life span.

更新日期：2019-05-07

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