Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have drawn considerable interest as power‐storage devices owing to the wide abundance of their constituents and low cost. To realize a high performance–price ratio, the cathode and anode materials must be optimized. As essential components of SIBs, electrolytes should have wide electrochemical windows, high thermal stability, and exceptional ionic conductivity. Therefore, improved electrolytes, based on various materials and compositions, are developed to meet the practical demands of SIBs, including organic electrolytes, ionic liquids, aqueous, solid electrolytes, and hybrid electrolytes. Although mature organic electrolytes are currently used in production, aqueous and solid electrolytes show advantages for future applications, as discussed here in detail. Current efforts in modifying electrolytes to optimize their interfacial compatibility with electrodes, leading to longer battery lifetimes and greater safety, are described. The advanced characterization techniques used to investigate the properties of electrolytes and interfaces are introduced, and the reaction processes and degradation mechanisms of SIBs are revealed. Furthermore, the practical prospects of SIBs promoted by high‐quality electrolytes appropriately matched with electrodes are predicted and directions for developing next‐generation SIBs are suggested.

中文翻译：

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钠离子电池中的电解质和电解质/电极界面：从科学研究到实际应用

钠离子电池（SIB）由于其成分丰富且成本低廉，已引起人们极大的兴趣，成为电力存储设备。为了实现高性价比，必须优化正极和负极材料。作为SIB的重要组成部分，电解质应具有宽的电化学窗口，高的热稳定性和优异的离子电导率。因此，开发了基于各种材料和组成的改进的电解质，以满足SIB的实际需求，包括有机电解质，离子液体，水性，固体电解质和混合电解质。尽管目前在生产中使用成熟的有机电解质，但如此处详细讨论的，水性和固体电解质在未来的应用中显示出优势。描述了当前对电解质进行改性以优化其与电极的界面相容性的努力，从而导致更长的电池寿命和更高的安全性。介绍了用于研究电解质和界面性质的先进表征技术，并揭示了SIBs的反应过程和降解机理。此外，通过与电极适当匹配的高质量电解质促进的SIBs的实际应用前景得到了预测，并为开发下一代SIBs提出了方向。揭示了SIBs的反应过程和降解机理。此外，通过与电极适当匹配的高质量电解质促进的SIBs的实际应用前景得到了预测，并为开发下一代SIBs提出了方向。揭示了SIBs的反应过程和降解机理。此外，通过与电极适当匹配的高质量电解质促进的SIBs的实际应用前景得到了预测，并为开发下一代SIBs提出了方向。