Abstract In the last decade, we have witnessed the giant achievement in the field of silicon materials. Among of them, fluorescent silicon nanomaterials have attracted considerable attentions owing to their unique advantages, including strong fluorescence coupled with robust photostability, rich resource support, low cost, industrial maturity, and good biocompatibility. Extensive efforts are devoted to developing effective methods for the synthesis and functionalization of fluorescent silicon nanomaterials with different nanostructures, facilitating the promotion of this promising material for myriad optical applications. In this review article, we systematically summarize representative progresses for the design and synthesis of fluorescent silicon nanomaterials during the last decade. We also present an in-depth description of functionalization strategies toward fluorescent silicon nanomaterials, with a particular focus on organic ligands-modification, doping and biological species-modification methods. Furthermore, typical optical applications (e.g., bioimaging, sensing, anti-counterfeiting and anti-bacterial applications) are introduced based on latest research achievements. Finally, future trends and current challenges are highlighted as a roadmap proposal for research in this field.

中文翻译：

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荧光硅纳米材料：从合成到功能化和应用

摘要 过去十年，我们见证了硅材料领域的巨大成就。其中，荧光硅纳米材料因其独特的优势而备受关注，包括强荧光性和强光稳定性、丰富的资源支持、低成本、工业成熟和良好的生物相容性。广泛的努力致力于开发具有不同纳米结构的荧光硅纳米材料的合成和功能化的有效方法，促进这种有前途的材料在无数光学应用中的推广。在这篇综述文章中，我们系统地总结了过去十年荧光硅纳米材料设计和合成的代表性进展。我们还深入介绍了荧光硅纳米材料的功能化策略，特别关注有机配体修饰、掺杂和生物物种修饰方法。此外，基于最新研究成果介绍了典型的光学应用（例如，生物成像、传感、防伪和抗菌应用）。最后，强调了未来趋势和当前挑战，作为该领域研究的路线图建议。