Soliton explosion refers to a striking nonlinear dynamics in dissipative systems. In this state, a dissipative soliton collapses but returns back to its original state afterwards. Yet, the origin of such exotic soliton dynamics remains elusive. Here it is revealed that soliton collision can induce soliton explosions in a mode-locked fibre laser, benefiting from synchronous measurements of the spatio-temporal intensity evolution and the real-time spectra evolution using dispersive Fourier transform. Up to seven nonlinear regimes are observed successively in the laser by increasing the pump power only, including single-pulse mode locking, standard soliton explosions, noise-like mode locking, stable double pulsing, soliton collision induced explosions, soliton molecules, and double-pulse noise-like mode locking. These experimental findings are conducive to understand complex soliton dynamics in many nonlinear dissipative systems.

孤子爆炸是指耗散系统中惊人的非线性动力学。在这种状态下，耗散孤子崩溃，但此后又返回其原始状态。然而，这种奇特的孤子动力学的起源仍然难以捉摸。此处揭示了孤子碰撞可在锁模光纤激光器中诱发孤子爆炸，这得益于使用色散傅里叶变换对时空强度演化和实时光谱演化进行同步测量。仅通过增加泵浦功率，就可以在激光器中连续观察到多达七个非线性状态，包括单脉冲模式锁定，标准孤子爆炸，类似噪声的模式锁定，稳定的双脉冲，孤子碰撞引起的爆炸，孤子分子和双脉冲。类似脉冲噪声的模式锁定。