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Domestication of previously uncultivated Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator from a deep aquifer in Siberia sheds light on its physiology and evolution.
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-21 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0402-3
Olga V Karnachuk 1 , Yulia A Frank 1 , Anastasia P Lukina 1 , Vitaly V Kadnikov 2 , Alexey V Beletsky 2 , Andrey V Mardanov 2 , Nikolai V Ravin 2
Affiliation  

An enigmatic uncultured member of Firmicutes, Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator (CDA), is known by its genome retrieved from the deep gold mine in South Africa, where it formed a single-species ecosystem fuelled by hydrogen from water radiolysis. It was believed that in situ conditions CDA relied on scarce energy supply and did not divide for hundreds to thousand years. We have isolated CDA strain BYF from a 2-km-deep aquifer in Western Siberia and obtained a laboratory culture growing with a doubling time of 28.5 h. BYF uses not only H2 but also various organic electron donors for sulfate respiration. Growth required elemental iron, and ferrous iron did not substitute for it. A complex intracellular organization included gas vesicles, internal membranes, and electron-dense structures enriched in phosphorus, iron, and calcium. Genome comparison of BYF with the South African CDA revealed minimal differences mostly related to mobile elements and prophage insertions. Two genomes harbored <800 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and had nearly identical CRISPR loci. We suggest that spores with the gas vesicles may facilitate global distribution of CDA followed by colonization of suitable subsurface environments. Alternatively, a slow evolution rate in the deep subsurface could result in high genetic similarity of CDA populations at two sites spatially separated for hundreds of millions of years.

中文翻译:

从西伯利亚深层含水层驯化以前未栽培的 Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator 揭示了它的生理和进化。

厚壁菌门的一个神秘的未培养成员,Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator (CDA),以其从南非深金矿中检索到的基因组而闻名,在那里它形成了一个单一物种的生态系统,由水辐射分解产生的氢作为燃料。人们认为,就地条件下的 CDA 依赖于稀缺的能源供应,数百年到数千年都没有分裂。我们从西西伯利亚 2 公里深的含水层中分离出 CDA 菌株 BYF,并获得了倍增时间为 28.5 小时的实验室培养物。BYF 不仅使用 H2,还使用各种有机电子供体进行硫酸盐呼吸。生长需要元素铁,而亚铁不能代替它。复杂的细胞内组织包括气泡、内膜和富含磷、铁和钙的电子致密结构。BYF 与南非 CDA 的基因组比较揭示了主要与移动元件和前噬菌体插入有关的最小差异。两个基因组包含 <800 个单核苷酸多态性,并且具有几乎相同的 CRISPR 基因座。我们建议带有气泡的孢子可以促进 CDA 的全球分布,然后在合适的地下环境中定殖。或者,地下深处的缓慢进化速度可能导致空间上相隔数亿年的两个地点的 CDA 种群的高度遗传相似性。我们建议带有气泡的孢子可以促进 CDA 的全球分布,然后在合适的地下环境中定殖。或者,地下深处的缓慢进化速度可能导致空间上相隔数亿年的两个地点的 CDA 种群的高度遗传相似性。我们建议带有气泡的孢子可以促进 CDA 的全球分布,然后在合适的地下环境中定殖。或者,地下深处的缓慢进化速度可能导致空间上相隔数亿年的两个地点的 CDA 种群的高度遗传相似性。
更新日期:2019-05-16
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