Energy and Buildings ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.03.022 Aravind K. Mikkilineni , Jin Dong , Teja Kuruganti , David Fugate
Significant energy savings can be achieved by operating heating, ventilation, and air conditioning control systems with indoor occupancy measurement information. This paper presents a novel plug-and-play occupancy sensing method which will enable temporal minimization of building energy consumption to meet building usage behavior without privacy concerns. The proposed wireless occupancy sensing platform is based on long-wave infra-red (LWIR) focal-plane arrays (FPAs), or thermal imagers, that detect thermal energy rather than visible light. We developed an advanced sensor package consisting of multiple thermal imagers with low-cost optical enhancements to increase field of view and increase sensitivity to occupant detection (filtering building clutter). These imagers can be coupled with radio frequency and ultrasonic-based radar to enhance data collection at key occupant zone boundaries to improve accuracy. Standard filtering and estimation techniques from the image processing and computer vision communities are introduced to overcome the accuracy issues suffered by traditional PIR based sensing, especially when occupants remain relatively still. Accurate low-level counting of individuals can be achieved with minimal impact on privacy. The proposed occupancy detection method can work as a retrofit to enable real-time understanding of the building operational state and usage behavior. Sensor data obtained from real test building zones was used to test the efficacy of the method.
中文翻译:
一种基于低功耗IR-FPA的无线占用传感器的新型占用检测解决方案
通过运行带有室内占用测量信息的供暖,通风和空调控制系统,可以节省大量能源。本文提出了一种新颖的即插即用占用感测方法,该方法可以使建筑物的能源消耗在时间上最小化,从而满足建筑物的使用行为而无需担心隐私。提议的无线占用感测平台基于检测热能而非可见光的长波红外(LWIR)焦平面阵列(FPA)或热成像仪。我们开发了一种先进的传感器套件,其中包括多个具有低成本光学增强功能的热成像仪,以增加视野并提高对乘员检测(过滤建筑物杂物)的敏感性。这些成像器可以与射频和基于超声波的雷达结合使用,以增强关键乘员区域边界处的数据收集,从而提高准确性。引入了来自图像处理和计算机视觉界的标准滤波和估计技术,以克服传统的基于PIR的传感所遭受的准确性问题,尤其是当乘员保持相对静止时。可以对个人进行准确的低级别计数,而对隐私的影响却很小。所提出的占用检测方法可以作为一种改型,以实现对建筑物运行状态和使用行为的实时了解。从实际测试建筑物区域获得的传感器数据用于测试该方法的有效性。引入了来自图像处理和计算机视觉界的标准滤波和估计技术,以克服传统的基于PIR的传感所遭受的准确性问题,尤其是当乘员保持相对静止时。可以对个人进行准确的低级计数,而对隐私的影响却很小。所提出的占用检测方法可以作为翻新工作,以实现对建筑物运行状态和使用行为的实时了解。从实际测试建筑物区域获得的传感器数据用于测试该方法的有效性。引入了来自图像处理和计算机视觉界的标准滤波和估计技术,以克服传统的基于PIR的传感所遭受的准确性问题,尤其是当乘员保持相对静止时。可以对个人进行准确的低级计数,而对隐私的影响却很小。所提出的占用检测方法可以作为一种改型,以实现对建筑物运行状态和使用行为的实时了解。从实际测试建筑物区域获得的传感器数据用于测试该方法的有效性。所提出的占用检测方法可以作为一种改型,以实现对建筑物运行状态和使用行为的实时了解。从实际测试建筑物区域获得的传感器数据用于测试该方法的有效性。所提出的占用检测方法可以作为一种改型,以实现对建筑物运行状态和使用行为的实时了解。从实际测试建筑物区域获得的传感器数据用于测试该方法的有效性。