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Glycosylation in health and disease.
Nature Reviews Nephrology ( IF 28.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-06-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41581-019-0129-4
Colin Reily 1 , Tyler J Stewart 2, 3, 4 , Matthew B Renfrow 3 , Jan Novak 2
Affiliation  

The glycome describes the complete repertoire of glycoconjugates composed of carbohydrate chains, or glycans, that are covalently linked to lipid or protein molecules. Glycoconjugates are formed through a process called glycosylation and can differ in their glycan sequences, the connections between them and their length. Glycoconjugate synthesis is a dynamic process that depends on the local milieu of enzymes, sugar precursors and organelle structures as well as the cell types involved and cellular signals. Studies of rare genetic disorders that affect glycosylation first highlighted the biological importance of the glycome, and technological advances have improved our understanding of its heterogeneity and complexity. Researchers can now routinely assess how the secreted and cell-surface glycomes reflect overall cellular status in health and disease. In fact, changes in glycosylation can modulate inflammatory responses, enable viral immune escape, promote cancer cell metastasis or regulate apoptosis; the composition of the glycome also affects kidney function in health and disease. New insights into the structure and function of the glycome can now be applied to therapy development and could improve our ability to fine-tune immunological responses and inflammation, optimize the performance of therapeutic antibodies and boost immune responses to cancer. These examples illustrate the potential of the emerging field of 'glycomedicine'.

中文翻译:


健康和疾病中的糖基化。



糖组描述了由碳水化合物链或聚糖组成的糖缀合物的完整库,这些糖基链或聚糖与脂质或蛋白质分子共价连接。糖缀合物是通过称为糖基化的过程形成的,它们的聚糖序列、它们之间的连接和它们的长度可能不同。糖缀合物合成是一个动态过程,取决于酶、糖前体和细胞器结构的局部环境,以及所涉及的细胞类型和细胞信号。对影响糖基化的罕见遗传疾病的研究首先强调了糖组的生物学重要性,技术进步提高了我们对其异质性和复杂性的理解。研究人员现在可以定期评估分泌的和细胞表面的鞘氨酸如何反映健康和疾病中的整体细胞状态。事实上,糖基化的变化可以调节炎症反应,使病毒免疫逃逸,促进癌细胞转移或调节细胞凋亡;糖组的组成也会影响健康和疾病中的肾功能。对糖组结构和功能的新见解现在可以应用于疗法开发,并可能提高我们微调免疫反应和炎症的能力,优化治疗性抗体的性能并增强对癌症的免疫反应。这些例子说明了“糖医学”这一新兴领域的潜力。
更新日期:2019-07-05
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