Design and Applications of Photoresponsive Hydrogels,Advanced Materials

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Design and Applications of Photoresponsive Hydrogels
Advanced Materials ( IF 27.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-08 , DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807333
Lei Li _{1,

2} , Johannes M Scheiger _{1,

3} , Pavel A Levkin _{1,

4}

Affiliation

Hydrogels are the most relevant biochemical scaffold due to their tunable properties, inherent biocompatibility, and similarity with tissue and cell environments. Over the past decade, hydrogels have developed from static materials to “smart” responsive materials adapting to various stimuli, such as pH, temperature, chemical, electrical, or light. Light stimulation is particularly interesting for many applications because of the capability of contact‐free remote manipulation of biomaterial properties and inherent spatial and temporal control. Moreover, light can be finely adjusted in its intrinsic properties, such as wavelength and intensity (i.e., the energy of an individual photon as well as the number of photons over time). Water is almost transparent for light in the photochemically relevant range (NIR–UV), thus hydrogels are well‐suited scaffolds for light‐responsive functionality. Hydrogels' chemical and physical variety combined with light responsiveness makes photoresponsive hydrogels ideal candidates for applications in several fields, ranging from biomaterials, medicine to soft robotics. Herein, the progress and new developments in the field of light‐responsive hydrogels are elaborated by first introducing the relevant photochemistries before discussing selected applications in detail.

中文翻译：

光响应水凝胶的设计与应用

水凝胶因其可调节的特性、固有的生物相容性以及与组织和细胞环境的相似性而成为最相关的生化支架。在过去的十年中，水凝胶已经从静态材料发展为适应各种刺激的“智能”响应材料，例如pH、温度、化学、电或光。光刺激对于许多应用来说特别有趣，因为它具有非接触式远程操控生物材料特性以及固有的空间和时间控制的能力。此外，光的固有特性可以进行微调，例如波长和强度（即单个光子的能量以及随时间变化的光子数量）。水对于光化学相关范围（近红外-紫外）的光几乎是透明的，因此水凝胶是非常适合光响应功能的支架。水凝胶的化学和物理多样性与光响应性相结合，使光响应水凝胶成为从生物材料、医学到软机器人等多个领域应用的理想选择。本文首先介绍了相关的光化学，然后详细讨论了选定的应用，详细阐述了光响应水凝胶领域的进展和新发展。

更新日期：2019-03-08

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