Municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash (IFA) is categorized as a hazardous waste, which requires proper treatment prior to landfilling due to its high concentrations of toxic elements. This study developed an innovative and cleaner method for stabilization/solidification (S/S) of IFA by the incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and green stabilizers. Quantitative X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses indicated that toxic elements in IFA inhibited the cement hydration. Therefore, the single use of cement (10 wt%) was not efficient for the immobilization of toxic elements, especially for Pb. The incorporation of SCMs (20 wt% of binder) such as silica fume facilitated the formation of additional cement hydrates and reduced Pb leachability by 36.3%. The addition of green stabilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and wood waste-derived biochar also improved the immobilization of toxic elements. KDP directly combined with Pb²⁺ to form a precipitate of Pb₃(PO₄)_2, whereas biochar promoted the generation of cement hydrates for S/S via the effect of internal curing. The incorporation of silica fume (40 wt%) in the binder was the most effective. Overall, this study demonstrated that the selected green binders can serve as low-carbon and high-efficient material for S/S of hazardous ash residue such as IFA.

市政固体垃圾焚烧炉的飞灰（IFA）被归类为危险废物，由于其高浓度的有毒元素，需要在填埋前进行适当的处​​理。这项研究通过结合补充胶凝材料（SCM）和绿色稳定剂，开发了一种创新，更清洁的IFA稳定/固化（S / S）方法。定量X射线衍射和热重分析表明，IFA中的有毒元素抑制了水泥的水合作用。因此，单独使用水泥（10 wt％）对于固定有毒元素（尤其是铅）无效。SCM（粘合剂的20 wt％）例如硅粉的掺入促进了额外水泥水合物的形成，并使Pb浸出率降低了36.3％。添加绿色稳定剂，例如磷酸二氢钾（KDP）和源自木材废料的生物炭，也改善了有毒元素的固定性。KDP直接与Pb结合²⁺形成Pb ₃（PO ₄）₂的沉淀_，而生物炭通过内部固化的作用促进了S / S水泥水合物的生成。在粘合剂中掺入二氧化硅粉（40wt％）是最有效的。总体而言，这项研究表明，所选的绿色粘结剂可以用作危险碳渣（例如IFA）的S / S的低碳高效材料。