Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal oxide and chalcogenide (TMO&C)-based photocatalysts have recently attracted significant attention for addressing the current worldwide challenges of energy shortage and environmental pollution. The ultrahigh surface area and unconventional physiochemical, electronic and optical properties of 2D TMO&Cs have been demonstrated to facilitate photocatalytic applications. This review provides a concise overview of properties, synthesis methods and applications of 2D TMO&C-based photocatalysts. Particular attention is paid on the emerging strategies to improve the abilities of light harvesting and photoinduced charge separation for enhancing photocatalytic performances, which include elemental doping, surface functionalization as well as heterojunctions with semiconducting and conductive materials. The future opportunities regarding the research pathways of 2D TMO&C-based photocatalysts are also presented.

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基于二维（2D）过渡金属氧化物和硫属化物（TMO＆C）的光催化剂最近引起了人们的广泛关注，以应对当前全球范围内能源短缺和环境污染的挑战。二维TMO＆C的超高表面积和非常规的理化，电子和光学特性已被证明可促进光催化应用。这篇综述简要概述了基于二维TMO＆C的光催化剂的性质，合成方法和应用。特别关注新兴战略，以提高光收集和光诱导电荷分离的能力，以增强光催化性能，其中包括元素掺杂，表面功能化以及与半导体和导电材料的异质结。

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