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Biomechanics of predator–prey arms race in lion, zebra, cheetah and impala
Nature ( IF 50.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-24 , DOI: 10.1038/nature25479 Alan M Wilson 1 , Tatjana Y Hubel 1 , Simon D Wilshin 1 , John C Lowe 1 , Maja Lorenc 1 , Oliver P Dewhirst 1 , Hattie L A Bartlam-Brooks 1 , Rebecca Diack 1 , Emily Bennitt 2 , Krystyna A Golabek 3 , Roger C Woledge 1 , J Weldon McNutt 3 , Nancy A Curtin 1 , Timothy G West 1
Nature ( IF 50.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-01-24 , DOI: 10.1038/nature25479 Alan M Wilson 1 , Tatjana Y Hubel 1 , Simon D Wilshin 1 , John C Lowe 1 , Maja Lorenc 1 , Oliver P Dewhirst 1 , Hattie L A Bartlam-Brooks 1 , Rebecca Diack 1 , Emily Bennitt 2 , Krystyna A Golabek 3 , Roger C Woledge 1 , J Weldon McNutt 3 , Nancy A Curtin 1 , Timothy G West 1
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The fastest and most manoeuvrable terrestrial animals are found in savannah habitats, where predators chase and capture running prey. Hunt outcome and success rate are critical to survival, so both predator and prey should evolve to be faster and/or more manoeuvrable. Here we compare locomotor characteristics in two pursuit predator–prey pairs, lion–zebra and cheetah–impala, in their natural savannah habitat in Botswana. We show that although cheetahs and impalas were universally more athletic than lions and zebras in terms of speed, acceleration and turning, within each predator–prey pair, the predators had 20% higher muscle fibre power than prey, 37% greater acceleration and 72% greater deceleration capacity than their prey. We simulated hunt dynamics with these data and showed that hunts at lower speeds enable prey to use their maximum manoeuvring capacity and favour prey survival, and that the predator needs to be more athletic than its prey to sustain a viable success rate.
中文翻译：
狮子、斑马、猎豹和黑斑羚中捕食者-猎物军备竞赛的生物力学
速度最快、机动性最强的陆生动物出现在大草原栖息地，捕食者在那里追逐和捕捉奔跑的猎物。狩猎结果和成功率对生存至关重要，因此捕食者和猎物都应该进化得更快和/或更灵活。在这里，我们比较了博茨瓦纳自然大草原栖息地狮子-斑马和猎豹-黑斑羚这两个追逐捕食者-猎物对的运动特征。我们表明，虽然猎豹和黑斑羚在速度、加速度和转弯方面普遍比狮子和斑马更具运动能力，但在每对捕食者-猎物中，捕食者的肌肉纤维力量比猎物高 20%，加速度高 37%，加速度高 72%比它们的猎物更大的减速能力。
更新日期：2018-01-24
中文翻译：
狮子、斑马、猎豹和黑斑羚中捕食者-猎物军备竞赛的生物力学
速度最快、机动性最强的陆生动物出现在大草原栖息地，捕食者在那里追逐和捕捉奔跑的猎物。狩猎结果和成功率对生存至关重要，因此捕食者和猎物都应该进化得更快和/或更灵活。在这里，我们比较了博茨瓦纳自然大草原栖息地狮子-斑马和猎豹-黑斑羚这两个追逐捕食者-猎物对的运动特征。我们表明，虽然猎豹和黑斑羚在速度、加速度和转弯方面普遍比狮子和斑马更具运动能力，但在每对捕食者-猎物中，捕食者的肌肉纤维力量比猎物高 20%，加速度高 37%，加速度高 72%比它们的猎物更大的减速能力。
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