Oxine-copper (OxCu) is generally used as an agricultural pesticide and induces harmful effects on ecosystems. In this study, zebrafish was used to assess the aquatic toxicity of OxCu. To detect the effects on development, embryos of 6 h post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to 10 μg/L, 20 μg/L, 40 μg/L OxCu for 18 h; meanwhile, to evaluate the effects on the behavior, larval fish at 6 days post-fertilization (dpf) were exposed to the same concentrations for 24 h. Here, we show that there are embryonic developmental defects, including abnormalities of head and trunk, brain ventricle atrophy, reduced newborn neurons, disordered neurons, increased intercellular space, concentrated cytoplasm, decreased heart beat and blood flow velocity, and developmental delay of the vascular system; in addition, some embryos exposed to the high concentration of OxCu degraded from the tail. We also found that the spontaneous tail coiling frequency and AChE enzyme activity were reduced, while oxidative stress (free radical damage) and cell apoptosis were significantly increased. Moreover, the expression of genes involved in neurodevelopment, vascular development and apoptosis were dysregulated in the OxCu exposed embryos in a concentration-dependent manner. Finally, we found that after exposure to OxCu, larval locomotor activity was decreased and accompanied by Parkinson-like (increased absolute turn angle and sinuosity) and anxiety-like (preferred to the central area) behavior. These results indicate that OxCu induces developmental toxicity and behavioral alterations by affecting AChE enzyme activity and oxidative stress. Our data present new proofs of OxCu toxicity and a warning for its application.

氧化铜（OxCu）通常用作农业杀虫剂，会对生态系统产生有害影响。在这项研究中，斑马鱼被用来评估OxCu的水生毒性。为了检测对发育的影响，将受精后6 h（hpf）的胚胎暴露于10μg/ L，20μg/ L，40μg/ L OxCu中18 h；同时，为了评估对行为的影响，将受精后第6天（dpf）的幼鱼暴露于相同浓度下24小时。在这里，我们发现存在胚胎发育缺陷，包括头和躯干异常，脑室萎缩，新生儿神经元减少，神经元紊乱，细胞间空间增加，细胞质集中，心跳和血流速度降低以及血管发育延迟系统; 此外，一些暴露于高浓度OxCu的胚胎会从尾巴中降解。我们还发现自发的尾巴卷曲频率和AChE酶活性降低，而氧化应激（自由基损伤）和细胞凋亡明显增加。此外，OxCu暴露的胚胎中涉及神经发育，血管发育和细胞凋亡的基因的表达以浓度依赖性方式失调。最后，我们发现暴露于OxCu后，幼虫的运动能力降低，并伴有帕金森样（绝对转角和窦性增加）和焦虑样（首选中心区域）行为。这些结果表明，OxCu通过影响AChE酶活性和氧化应激诱导发育毒性和行为改变。