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Spatial patterns of pathogenic and mutualistic fungi across the elevational range of a host plant
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-13 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12942 Dominik Merges 1, 2 , Miklós Bálint 1 , Imke Schmitt 1, 2 , Katrin Böhning-Gaese 1, 2 , Eike Lena Neuschulz 1
中文翻译：
病原菌和互生真菌在宿主植物海拔范围内的空间格局
更新日期：2018-03-13
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-13 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12942 Dominik Merges 1, 2 , Miklós Bálint 1 , Imke Schmitt 1, 2 , Katrin Böhning-Gaese 1, 2 , Eike Lena Neuschulz 1
Affiliation
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- Fungi are both agents of disease and mutualistic partners of plants. Previous studies have tested the effects of abiotic or biotic factors on plant‐associated fungal communities in isolation. However, to better understand patterns of plant–fungal associations, the combined effects of abiotic and biotic drivers across environmental gradients may be important.
- We investigated the effects of temperature, pH, soil moisture, vegetation cover and distance to host plant on the occurrence and abundance of fungi associated with Swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra). We did this by DNA metabarcoding 288 soil samples taken across and beyond the elevation range of P. cembra (i.e. 1,850–2,250 m a.s.l.) in two valleys in the Swiss Alps. We modelled the effects of abiotic and biotic factors on DNA read abundance of pathogenic and mutualistic fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with P. cembra. We also tested whether abiotic and biotic factors differentially affected fungi of varying host specificity (i.e. host generalists, host specialists).
- We found that the occurrences of both host generalist and specialist fungi exceeded the current elevational range of their host plant. Abiotic factors had only minor effects on the abundances of all fungal OTUs. However, we found positive effects of the host plant on the abundance of a host specialist pathogenic fungus, providing support for a Janzen–Connell effect of high pathogen accumulation close to conspecific host plants. We also found a positive response to the host plant in a specialist ectomycorrhizal fungus, suggesting an “inverse” Janzen–Connell effect.
- Synthesis. Our findings imply that negative distance dependence shapes not only the distribution of host‐specific fungal pathogens, but also host‐specific fungal mutualists. We conclude that the occurrence of both pathogenic and mutualistic fungi beyond the current elevational range of host plants may determine their potential range shifts under projected climate warming.
中文翻译：
病原菌和互生真菌在宿主植物海拔范围内的空间格局
- 真菌既是疾病的诱因，又是植物的互惠伴侣。先前的研究已经单独测试了非生物或生物因子对植物相关真菌群落的影响。然而，为了更好地理解植物-真菌的关联模式，跨环境梯度的非生物和生物驱动因子的综合作用可能很重要。
- 我们调查了温度，pH，土壤湿度，植被覆盖度和寄主植物的距离对与瑞士石松（Pinus cembra）相关的真菌的发生和丰富度的影响。我们通过DNA分子条形码对288个土壤样品进行了DNA条形码编码，这些样品跨越和分布于瑞士阿尔卑斯山两个山谷中的P. cembra（即1,850–2,250 m asl）高程范围内。我们模拟了非生物和生物因子对与P. cembra相关的病原性和互生性真菌操作分类单位（OTU）的DNA读取丰度的影响。我们还测试了非生物和生物因素是否会差异影响宿主特异性不同的真菌（即宿主通才，宿主专家）。
- 我们发现寄主通用真菌和专长真菌的发生都超出了其寄主植物目前的海拔范围。非生物因子对所有真菌OTU的丰度只有很小的影响。但是，我们发现寄主植物对寄主特异病原真菌的丰度有积极影响，为靠近同种寄主植物的高病原体积累的Janzen-Connell效应提供了支持。我们还发现了一种专门的外生菌根真菌对寄主植物的阳性反应，表明扬森-康奈尔效应呈“逆”效应。
- 综合。我们的发现暗示负距离依赖性不仅会影响宿主特异性真菌病原体的分布，还会影响宿主特异性真菌互惠生。我们得出的结论是，在预计的气候变暖下，超出当前寄主植物海拔范围的致病真菌和互生真菌的发生可能决定了它们的潜在范围变化。
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