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Mitigating the contrail cirrus climate impact by reducing aircraft soot number emissions
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science ( IF 8.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-19 , DOI: 10.1038/s41612-018-0046-4
Ulrike Burkhardt , Lisa Bock , Andreas Bier

Contrail cirrus are a major component of the climate forcing due to air traffic. For a given contrail cirrus cover, ice water content and ice crystal shape, their impact on radiation is dependent on the number and size of ice crystals. Here we use a global climate model to study the impact of a reduction in initially formed ice crystal numbers, as may be caused by reduced soot number emissions. We find that for reduced initial ice crystal numbers the ice water content is decreased and ice crystal sizes increased, leading to a reduction in contrail cirrus optical depth and doubling the fraction of contrail cirrus that cannot be detected by satellite remote sensing. Contrail cirrus lifetimes and coverage are strongly reduced leading to significant reductions in contrail cirrus radiative forcing. The global climate impact of contrail cirrus is nonlinearly dependent on the reduction in initial ice crystal numbers. A reduction in the initial ice crystal number of 80% leads to a decrease in contrail cirrus radiative forcing by 50%, whereas a twofold reduction leads to a decrease in radiative forcing by approximately 20%. Only a few contrail cirrus outbreaks explain a large percentage of the climate impact. The contrail cirrus climate impact can be effectively mitigated by reducing initial ice crystal concentrations in such outbreak situations. Our results are important for assessments dealing with mitigating the climate impact of aviation and discussions about the use of alternative fuels or lean combustion in aviation.



中文翻译:

通过减少飞机烟尘数量排放来缓解轨迹转换对气候的影响

由于空中交通的干扰,卷积云是气候强迫的主要组成部分。对于给定的轨迹转换层,冰水含量和冰晶形状,它们对辐射的影响取决于冰晶的数量和大小。在这里,我们使用一个全球气候模型来研究最初形成的冰晶数量减少的影响,这可能是由烟尘数量减少引起的。我们发现,对于减少的初始冰晶数量,冰水含量会减少,冰晶尺寸会增加,从而导致转换轨迹卷积光学深度的降低,并使转换轨迹卷积的比例增加了一倍,而这些变化是卫星遥感无法检测到的。轨迹卷云的寿命和覆盖范围都大大减少,从而大大降低了轨迹卷云的辐射强迫。转换轨迹对全球气候的影响非线性地取决于初始冰晶数量的减少。初始冰晶数量减少80%将导致轨迹转换卷云辐射强迫降低50%,而减少两倍将导致辐射强迫降低约20%。只有很少的轨迹转换爆发解释了很大一部分的气候影响。在这种暴发情况下,通过降低初始冰晶浓度,可以有效地缓解转换轨迹卷云对气候的影响。我们的结果对于评估减轻航空气候影响的评估以及有关在航空中使用代用燃料或稀薄燃烧的讨论非常重要。初始冰晶数量减少80%将导致轨迹转换卷云辐射强迫降低50%,而减少两倍将导致辐射强迫降低约20%。只有少数轨迹转换爆发解释了很大一部分的气候影响。在这种暴发情况下,通过降低初始冰晶浓度,可以有效地缓解转换轨迹卷云对气候的影响。我们的结果对于评估减轻航空气候影响的评估以及有关在航空中使用代用燃料或稀薄燃烧的讨论非常重要。初始冰晶数量减少80%将导致轨迹转换卷云辐射强迫降低50%,而减少两倍将导致辐射强迫降低约20%。只有少数轨迹转换爆发解释了很大一部分的气候影响。在这种暴发情况下,通过降低初始冰晶浓度,可以有效地缓解转换轨迹卷云对气候的影响。我们的结果对于评估减轻航空气候影响的评估以及有关在航空中使用代用燃料或稀薄燃烧的讨论非常重要。在这种暴发情况下,通过降低初始冰晶浓度,可以有效地缓解转换轨迹卷云对气候的影响。我们的结果对于评估减轻航空气候影响的评估以及有关在航空中使用代用燃料或稀薄燃烧的讨论非常重要。在这种暴发情况下,通过降低初始冰晶浓度,可以有效地缓解转换轨迹卷云对气候的影响。我们的结果对于评估减轻航空气候影响的评估以及有关在航空中使用代用燃料或稀薄燃烧的讨论非常重要。

更新日期:2019-07-05
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