Almost everyone struggles to act in their individual and collective best interests, particularly when doing so requires forgoing a more immediately enjoyable alternative. Other than exhorting decision makers to "do the right thing," what can policymakers do to reduce overeating, undersaving, procrastination, and other self-defeating behaviors that feel good now but generate larger delayed costs? In this review, we synthesize contemporary research on approaches to reducing failures of self-control. We distinguish between self-deployed and other-deployed strategies and, in addition, between situational and cognitive intervention targets. Collectively, the evidence from both psychological science and economics recommends psychologically informed policies for reducing failures of self-control.

中文翻译：

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超越意志力：减少自我控制失败的策略。


几乎每个人都在努力为个人和集体的最大利益行事，特别是当这样做需要放弃更直接令人愉快的选择时。除了劝告决策者“做正确的事”之外，政策制定者还能做些什么来减少暴饮暴食、储蓄不足、拖延以及其他现在感觉良好但会产生更大延迟成本的自毁行为？在这篇综述中，我们综合了当代关于减少自我控制失败方法的研究。我们区分自我部署策略和其他部署策略，此外还区分情境干预目标和认知干预目标。总的来说，来自心理科学和经济学的证据建议采取基于心理学的政策来减少自我控制失败。