The potential impact of water shortages on U.S. manufacturing is unknown. While water for manufacturing constitutes an estimated 6% of U.S. water intake, the data (i.e., location, quantity, and purpose of water intake) needed to determine this impact does not exist. This paper will identify manufacturing subsectors at risk of physical water shortages by applying a method for estimating U.S. manufacturing water intake at the necessary spatial and sectoral resolutions. First, the data requirements to quantify a manufacturing facility’s water footprint within the context of the watershed are developed. Second, using international data, water intake at the national, state, and county-levels by each U.S. manufacturing subsector is estimated. Third, manufacturing subsectors that are most vulnerable to risks of physical water shortages are identified. Based on the results, the Paper, Primary Metals, Chemical, Petroleum and Coal Products, and Food subsectors have the largest intake, respectively. However, the Primary Metals, Fabricated Metals, Transportation Equipment, Petroleum and Coal Products, and Plastics and Rubber subsectors are at the greatest risk of physical water shortages based on concentrations of water intake in water-stressed regions. The results can be used to develop strategies to mitigate the risks of water shortages on the U.S. manufacturing sector.

中文翻译：

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对美国制造子行业存在物理缺水风险的评估

水资源短缺对美国制造业的潜在影响尚不得而知。虽然制造用水约占美国取水量的6％，但确定这种影响所需的数据（即取水的位置，数量和目的）并不存在。本文将通过应用一种在必要的空间和部门分辨率下估算美国制造业取水量的方法，来确定存在物理缺水风险的制造业子行业。首先，开发了在流域范围内量化制造工厂的水足迹的数据要求。其次，使用国际数据，可以估算每个美国制造子行业在国家，州和县级的取水量。第三，确定最容易遭受自然水资源短缺风险的制造业子行业。根据结果​​，造纸，主要金属，化工，石油和煤炭产品以及食品分部门的摄入量最大。但是，基于缺水地区的取水量，主要金属，金属加工件，运输设备，石油和煤炭产品以及塑料和橡胶子行业面临的物理缺水风险最大。结果可用于制定缓解美国制造业缺水风险的策略。基于缺水地区的取水量，塑料和橡胶分部门面临的实际缺水风险最大。结果可用于制定缓解美国制造业缺水风险的策略。基于缺水地区的取水量，塑料和橡胶分部门面临的实际缺水风险最大。结果可用于制定缓解美国制造业缺水风险的策略。