据报道,Eupatorin对多种人类癌细胞具有体外细胞毒性作用。然而,关于Eupatorin体外治疗乳腺癌疾病的作用方式和详细机制的报道有限。因此,研究了紫茎泽兰素对人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7和MDA-MB-231的作用。MTT法显示,紫茎泽兰素对MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞有细胞毒作用,但对MCF-10a正常细胞无毒作用,且呈时间剂量依赖性。24小时时,紫茎泽兰素对MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞均表现出轻微的细胞毒性,IC 50值高于20 μg/mL。48小时后,5 μg/mL的紫茎泽兰素可抑制MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖50%,而MCF-10a的IC 50 显着(p < 0.05)高(30 μg/mL)。与 caspase 8 相比,5 μg/mL 浓度的 euatorin 主要通过内在途径诱导细胞凋亡,在 48 小时时促进 caspase 9 的倍数增加。细胞周期特征还表明,Eupatorin (5 μg/mL) 发挥抗增殖活性,并以时间依赖性方式将 MCF-7 和 MDA-MB-231 细胞的细胞周期阻滞在亚 Gθ/G1 水平。此外,伤口愈合测定显示划伤的MDA-MB-231细胞的伤口闭合不完全,24小时后超过60%的MDA-MB-231细胞在Boyden室中被阻止迁移和侵入膜。在离体小鼠主动脉环测定中,Eupatorin 还抑制新血管的血管生成。在基因表达测定中,Eupatorin 上调促凋亡基因,如 Bak1、HIF1A、Bax、Bad、细胞色素 c 和 SMAC/Diablo,并阻断 Phospho-Akt 通路。总之,Eupatorin 是一种有效的候选药物,可以通过抑制 Phospho-Akt 通路和细胞周期阻断来诱导细胞凋亡,同时抑制 MDA-MB-231 和 MCF-7 细胞的侵袭、迁移和血管生成。
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Cytotoxicity of eupatorin in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells via cell cycle arrest, anti-angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis.
Eupatorin has been reported with in vitro cytotoxic effect on several human cancer cells. However, reports on the mode of action and detail mechanism of eupatorin in vitro in breast cancer disease are limited. Hence, eupatorin’s effect on the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 was investigated. MTT assay showed that eupatorin had cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells but was non-toxic to the normal cells of MCF-10a in a time-dose dependent manner. At 24 h, the eupatorin showed mild cytotoxicity on both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 values higher than 20 μg/mL. After 48 h, eupatorin at 5 μg/mL inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by 50% while the IC50 of MCF-10a was significantly (p < 0.05) high with 30 μg/mL. The concentration of eupatorin at 5 μg/mL induced apoptosis mainly through intrinsic pathway by facilitating higher fold of caspase 9 compared to caspase 8 at 48 h. The cell cycle profile also showed that eupatorin (5 μg/mL) exerted anti-proliferation activity with the cell cycle arrest of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells at sub Gθ/G1 in a time-dependent manner. In addition, wound healing assay showed an incomplete wound closure of scratched MDA-MB-231 cells, and more than 60% of the MDA-MB-231 cells were prevented to migrate and invade the membrane in the Boyden chamber after 24 h. Eupatorin also inhibited angiogenic sprouting of new blood vessels in ex vivo mouse aorta ring assay. In gene expression assay, eupatorin up-regulated pro-apoptotic genes such as Bak1, HIF1A, Bax, Bad, cytochrome c and SMAC/Diablo and blocked the Phospho-Akt pathway. In conclusion, eupatorin is a potent candidate to induce apoptosis and concurrently inhibit the invasion, migration and angiogenesis of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells through inhibition of Phospho-Akt pathway and cell cycle blockade.