Nanostructures of inorganic semiconductors have revolutionized many areas of electronics, optoelectronics and photonics. The controlled synthesis of semiconductor nanostructures could lead to novel physical properties, improved optoelectronic device performance and new areas for exploration. Lead halide perovskites have recently excited the photovoltaic research community owing to their high solar-conversion efficiencies and ease of solution processing; they also hold great promise for optoelectronic applications, such as light-emitting diodes and lasers. In this Review, we summarize recent developments in the synthesis and characterization of metal halide perovskite nanostructures with controllable compositions, dimensionality, morphologies and orientations. We examine the advantageous optical properties, improved stability and potential optoelectronic applications of these 1D and 2D single-crystal perovskite nanostructures and compare them with those of bulk perovskites and nanostructures of conventional semiconductors. Studies in which perovskite nanostructures have been used to study the fundamental physical properties of perovskites are also highlighted. Finally, we discuss the challenges in realizing halide perovskite nanostructures for optoelectronic and photonic applications and offer our perspectives on future opportunities and research directions.

无机半导体的纳米结构彻底改变了电子，光电子和光子学的许多领域。半导体纳米结构的受控合成可以带来新颖的物理性能，改进的光电器件性能以及新的探索领域。卤化钙钛矿由于其高的太阳能转换效率和易于处理的溶液，最近引起了光伏研究界的关注。它们对于光电子应用（如发光二极管和激光器）也具有广阔的前景。在这篇综述中，我们总结了金属卤化物钙钛矿纳米结构的合成和表征方面的最新进展，该结构具有可控的成分，尺寸，形态和取向。我们研究了有利的光学特性，改进了这些1D和2D单晶钙钛矿纳米结构的稳定性和潜在的光电应用，并将其与常规半导体的块状钙钛矿和纳米结构进行了比较。还强调了使用钙钛矿纳米结构研究钙钛矿基本物理性质的研究。最后，我们讨论了在光电子和光子应用中实现卤化钙钛矿纳米结构的挑战，并就未来的机遇和研究方向提供了我们的观点。还强调了使用钙钛矿纳米结构研究钙钛矿基本物理性质的研究。最后，我们讨论了在光电子和光子应用中实现卤化钙钛矿纳米结构的挑战，并就未来的机遇和研究方向提供了观点。还强调了使用钙钛矿纳米结构研究钙钛矿基本物理性质的研究。最后，我们讨论了在光电子和光子应用中实现卤化钙钛矿纳米结构的挑战，并就未来的机遇和研究方向提供了我们的观点。