mRNA vaccines represent a promising alternative to conventional vaccine approaches because of their high potency, capacity for rapid development and potential for low-cost manufacture and safe administration. However, their application has until recently been restricted by the instability and inefficient in vivo delivery of mRNA. Recent technological advances have now largely overcome these issues, and multiple mRNA vaccine platforms against infectious diseases and several types of cancer have demonstrated encouraging results in both animal models and humans. This Review provides a detailed overview of mRNA vaccines and considers future directions and challenges in advancing this promising vaccine platform to widespread therapeutic use.

mRNA疫苗具有强大的效力，快速开发的能力以及低成本生产和安全管理的潜力，因此可以替代常规疫苗。然而，直到最近，它们的应用仍受到mRNA的不稳定性和体内递送效率的限制。现在，最新的技术进步已在很大程度上克服了这些问题，针对传染病和多种癌症的多种mRNA疫苗平台已在动物模型和人类中证明了令人鼓舞的结果。这篇综述提供了mRNA疫苗的详细概述，并考虑了在将这一有前途的疫苗平台推广到广泛的治疗用途方面的未来方向和挑战。