Few-layer black phosphorus (BP) is a new two-dimensional material which is of great interest for applications, mainly in electronics. However, its lack of environmental stability severely limits its synthesis and processing. Here we demonstrate that high-quality, few-layer BP nanosheets, with controllable size and observable photoluminescence, can be produced in large quantities by liquid phase exfoliation under ambient conditions in solvents such as N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone (CHP). Nanosheets are surprisingly stable in CHP, probably due to the solvation shell protecting the nanosheets from reacting with water or oxygen. Experiments, supported by simulations, show reactions to occur only at the nanosheet edge, with the rate and extent of the reaction dependent on the water/oxygen content. We demonstrate that liquid-exfoliated BP nanosheets are potentially useful in a range of applications from ultrafast saturable absorbers to gas sensors to fillers for composite reinforcement.

中文翻译：

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溶剂稳定的几层黑磷的液体剥落，适用于电子产品以外的应用。

很少有几层黑磷（BP）是一种新型的二维材料，对于主要在电子领域中的应用非常感兴趣。然而，其缺乏环境稳定性严重地限制了其合成和加工。在这里，我们证明了在环境条件下，在N-环己基-2-吡咯烷酮（CHP）等溶剂中，通过液相剥落可以大量生产尺寸可控且可观察到的光致发光的高质量，少层BP纳米片。纳米片在CHP中出乎意料地稳定，可能是由于溶剂化壳保护了纳米片不与水或氧气反应。由模拟支持的实验表明，反应仅在纳米片边缘发生，反应的速率和程度取决于水/氧含量。