PIWI-Interacting RNA in Drosophila: Biogenesis, Transposon Regulation, and Beyond,Chemical Reviews

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PIWI-Interacting RNA in Drosophila: Biogenesis, Transposon Regulation, and Beyond
Chemical Reviews ( IF 51.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-27 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00393
Haruna Yamashiro ₁ , Mikiko C. Siomi ₁

Affiliation

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are germline-enriched small RNAs that control transposons to maintain genome integrity. To achieve this, upon being processed from piRNA precursors, most of which are transcripts of intergenic piRNA clusters, piRNAs bind PIWI proteins, germline-specific Argonaute proteins, to form effector complexes. The mechanism of this piRNA-mediated transposon silencing pathway is fundamentally similar to that of siRNA/miRNA-dependent gene silencing in that a small RNA guides its partner Argonaute protein to target gene transcripts for repression via RNA–RNA base pairing. However, the uniqueness of this piRNA pathway has emerged through intensive genetic, biochemical, bioinformatic, and structural investigations. Here, we review the studies that elucidated the piRNA pathway, mainly in Drosophila, by describing both historical and recent progress. Studies in other species that have made important contributions to the field are also described.

中文翻译：

果蝇中的PIWI相互作用RNA ：生物发生，转座子调节和超越。

PIWI相互作用RNA（piRNA）是富含种系的小RNA，可控制转座子以维持基因组完整性。为了实现此目的，在从piRNA前体（其中大多数是基因间piRNA簇的转录本）中进行加工后，piRNA结合PIWI蛋白，种系特异性的Argonaute蛋白，形成效应子复合物。piRNA介导的转座子沉默途径的机制与siRNA / miRNA依赖性基因沉默的机制基本相似，因为小RNA引导其伴侣Argonaute蛋白到达目标基因转录物，以通过RNA-RNA碱基配对进行抑制。但是，通过深入的遗传，生物化学，生物信息学和结构研究，已经发现了这种piRNA途径的独特性。在这里，我们回顾了阐明piRNA途径（主要在果蝇中）的研究，同时描述历史和最近的进展。还描述了在该领域做出了重要贡献的其他物种的研究。

更新日期：2017-12-27

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