具有高度程序化结构和功能的自组装DNA纳米材料,Materials Chemistry Frontiers

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具有高度程序化结构和功能的自组装DNA纳米材料
Materials Chemistry Frontiers ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-18 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7qm00434f
Zhihao Li _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Jie Wang _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Yingxue Li _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Xinwen Liu _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Quan Yuan _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5}

Affiliation

长期以来，人们一直将DNA视为遗传信息的存储库，最近又将DNA用作强大的自组装材料。利用Watson-Crick碱基配对原理的特异性和可编程性，DNA能够形成多种多样的纳米结构和纳米材料。更重要的是，组装后的DNA纳米材料可以以可设计的结构和功能在纳米空间分辨率下进行调节。这种纳米级的精度赋予了DNA纳米材料明确的方向，间距，立体关系，甚至与生物分子的最佳相互作用，从而推动了材料复杂性发展的一场革命。得益于这些结构和功能特性，DNA纳米材料已在材料科学，分析科学和生物医学中找到了广泛的应用。在这里，我们总结了具有有趣结构和功能的DNA纳米材料的设计和应用的最新进展，重点介绍了三种重要的DNA纳米材料，包括DNA四面体，DNA水凝胶和功能性DNA纳米材料。最后，在DNA纳米材料的设计和应用中提出了一些当前的挑战，并且我们还提供了对几种DNA纳米材料的前景的理解，旨在激发未来的多学科和跨学科研究。

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Self-assembled DNA nanomaterials with highly programmed structures and functions

Long admired as the repository of genetic information, DNA has more recently been exploited as a powerful material for self-assembly. Taking advantage of the specificity and programmability of the Watson–Crick base-pairing principle, DNA is able to form diversiform nanostructures and nanomaterials. More importantly, the assembled DNA nanomaterials can be modulated at nanometer spatial resolution with designable structures and functions. Such nanoscale precision endows DNA nanomaterials with well-defined orientations, spacings, stereo-relationships, and even optimized interactions with biomolecules, contributing to a revolution in the development of materials sophistication. Benefiting from these structural and functional properties, DNA nanomaterials have found a wide range of applications in materials science, analytical science, and biomedicine. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the design and applications of DNA nanomaterials which possess intriguing structures and functions, with a highlight on three kinds of important DNA nanomaterials including DNA tetrahedrons, DNA hydrogels and functional DNA nanomaterials. Finally, some of the current challenges are proposed in the design and applications of DNA nanomaterials, and we also provide our understandings of the prospects of several DNA nanomaterials, aiming to motivate future multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research.

更新日期：2017-12-18

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