In this paper, the enhanced adsorption properties and mechanism of NH₂ functionalization titanium-based metal-organic frameworks (NH₂-MIL-125(Ti)) towards various organic dyes was investigated. First, MIL-125(Ti) and NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) were successfully synthesized and characterized. The as-prepared Ti-MOFs can be facilely magnetized by adsorbing Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles on their surfaces via a Lewis acid-base interaction. Then, three types of dye (cationic dye, anionic dye and vat dye) adsorption measurements show that the electrostatic interaction, π-π stacking interaction and pore filling all play important roles in the adsorption process of both Ti-MOFs in aqueous solutions. Particularly, the amino group in NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) can provide extra hydrogen bonding interaction towards target substances, which results in a stronger interaction force and a higher adsorption capacity than that of MIL-125(Ti). The adsorption kinetics and isotherm suggested the adsorption process of both Ti-MOFs towards methylene blue (MB) were better fitted to a pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption thermodynamic experiments demonstrated that adsorption of MB on both Ti-MOFs was spontaneous. However, their values of enthalpy and entropy were opposite, indicating that their adsorption processes were controlled by enthalpy and entropy effect, respectively.