Accurate and real-time positioning is highly demanded by location-based services in 5G networks, which are currently being standardized and developed to achieve significant performance improvement over existing cellular networks. In 5G networks, many new envisioned technologies, for example, massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), millimeter Wave (mmWave) communication, ultra dense network (UDN), and device-to-device (D2D) communication, are introduced to not only enhance communication performance but also offer the possibility to increase positioning accuracy. In this article, we provide an extensive overview of positioning architectures in previous generations of cellular networks to show a road map of how positioning technologies have evolved in past decades. With this insight, we then propose a general positioning architecture for 5G networks, by exploiting the new features of emerging technologies wherein. We also investigate positioning technologies that have great potential in achieving sub-meter accuracy in 5G networks, and discuss some of the new challenges and open issues.

中文翻译：

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5G网络中的预期定位架构和技术

5G网络中基于位置的服务对准确和实时的定位提出了很高的要求，目前正在对其进行标准化和开发，以实现对现有蜂窝网络的显着性能改进。在5G网络中，许多新的设想技术并未引入，例如大规模多输入多输出（MIMO），毫米波（mmWave）通信，超密集网络（UDN）和设备到设备（D2D）通信。不仅可以提高通信性能，而且还可以提高定位精度。在本文中，我们提供了前代蜂窝网络中的定位架构的广泛概述，以展示过去几十年中定位技术的发展路线图。有了这种见识，然后，我们通过利用其中新兴技术的新功能，为5G网络提出一种通用的定位架构。我们还将研究在5G网络中具有实现亚米级精度的巨大潜力的定位技术，并讨论一些新的挑战和未解决的问题。