Bile acids are endocrine molecules that in addition to facilitating the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients regulate numerous metabolic processes, including glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis. The signaling actions of bile acids are mediated through specific bile-acid-activated nuclear and membrane-bound receptors. These receptors are not only expressed by tissues within the enterohepatic circulation such as the liver and the intestine, but also in other organs where bile acids mediate their systemic actions. In this review, we discuss bile acid signaling and the interplay with the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and the role of surgical and pharmacological interventions on bile acid profiles and metabolism.

中文翻译：

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胆汁酸在代谢控制中的作用

胆汁酸是内分泌分子，除了促进脂溶性营养素的吸收外，还调节许多代谢过程，包括葡萄糖、脂质和能量稳态。胆汁酸的信号传导作用是通过特定的胆汁酸激活的核和膜结合受体介导的。这些受体不仅在肝肠循环内的组织（如肝脏和肠道）中表达，还在胆汁酸介导其全身作用的其他器官中表达。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了胆汁酸信号传导和肠道微生物群在肥胖、2 型糖尿病和非酒精性脂肪肝的病理生理学中的相互作用，以及手术和药物干预对胆汁酸谱和代谢的作用。