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An Alternative Reaction Course inO-Glycosidation withO-Glycosyl Trichloroacetimidates as Glycosyl Donors and Lewis Acidic Metal Salts as Catalyst: Acid–Base Catalysis with Gold Chloride-Glycosyl Acceptor Adducts
Journal of the American Chemical Society ( IF 14.4 ) Pub Date : 2015-09-25 , DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07895
Peng Peng 1 , Richard R. Schmidt 1
Affiliation  

Gold(III) chloride as catalyst for O-glycosyl trichloroacetimidate activation revealed low affinity to the glycosyl donor but high affinity to the hydroxy group of the acceptor alcohol moiety, thus leading to catalyst-acceptor adduct formation. Charge separation in this adduct, increasing the proton acidity and the oxygen nucleophilicity, permits donor activation and concomitant acceptor transfer in a hydrogen-bond mediated S(N)2-type transition state. Hence, the sequential binding between acceptor and catalyst and then with the glycosyl donor enables self-organization of an ordered transition-state. This way, with various acceptors, even at temperatures below -60 °C, fast and high yielding glycosidations in high anomeric selectivities were recorded, showing the power of this gold(III) chloride acid-base catalysis. Alternative reaction courses via hydrogen chloride or HAuCl4 activation or intermediate generation of glycosyl chloride as the real donor could be excluded. With partially O-protected acceptors, prone to bidentate ligation to gold(III) chloride, particularly high reactivities and anomeric selectivities were observed. Gold(I) chloride follows the same catalyst-acceptor adduct driven acid-base catalysis reaction course.

中文翻译:

以 O-糖基三氯乙酰亚胺作为糖基供体和路易斯酸金属盐作为催化剂的 O-糖苷化的替代反应过程:酸碱催化与氯化金-糖基受体加合物

氯化金 (III) 作为 O-糖基三氯乙酰亚胺活化的催化剂显示出对糖基供体的低亲和力,但对受体醇部分的羟基具有高亲和力,从而导致催化剂-受体加合物的形成。该加合物中的电荷分离,增加了质子酸度和氧亲核性,允许在氢键介导的 S(N)2 型过渡态中激活供体并伴随受体转移。因此,受体和催化剂之间的顺序结合,然后与糖基供体的顺序结合使得有序过渡态的自组织成为可能。这样,使用各种受体,即使在低于 -60 °C 的温度下,也记录了具有高异头选择性的快速和高产糖苷化,显示了这种氯化金 (III) 酸碱催化的能力。可以排除通过氯化氢或 HAuCl4 活化或中间生成糖基氯作为真正供体的替代反应过程。使用部分 O 保护的受体,易于与氯化金 (III) 进行双齿连接,观察到特别高的反应性和异头选择性。氯化金 (I) 遵循相同的催化剂-受体加合物驱动的酸碱催化反应过程。
更新日期:2015-09-25
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