绿色化学和可持续性的度量标准：过去，现在和未来,ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

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绿色化学和可持续性的度量标准：过去，现在和未来
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-28 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03505
Roger A. Sheldon _{1,

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Affiliation

1990年代初引入了第一个绿色化学指标，即E因子（kgs废物/ kg产品）和原子经济性（产品的mol wt /起始原料的mol wts总和），实际上是前卫的绿色化学指标。。在过去的二十年中，这两个指标已在全球范围内被学术界和工业界采用。对E因子进行了改进，以区分例如简单E因子和完整E因子，并定义系统边界。已经提出了其他基于质量的度量标准，例如过程质量强度（PMI）和反应质量效率（RME）。但是，基于质量的指标需要通过衡量废物对环境的影响的指标（例如生命周期评估（LCA））以及用于评估产品和过程的经济可行性的指标来增强。详细讨论了此类度量标准在测量药品和其他精细化学品制造过程的可持续性方面的应用。仅基于质量的指标不足以衡量可再生生物质与化石原料转化过程的绿色和可持续性。讨论了用于评估可再生生物质生产基础化学品的可持续性的各种指标。可持续的生物基化学品生产的发展与循环经济的概念非常吻合，后者基于资源效率和设计中的废物最小化，以取代传统的线性，即用即用，处置性经济。

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Metrics of Green Chemistry and Sustainability: Past, Present, and Future

The first green chemistry metrics—the E factor (kgs waste/kg product) and atom economy (mol wt of product/sum of mol wts of starting materials)—were introduced in the early 1990s and were actually green chemistry avant la lettre. In the last two decades, these two metrics have been adopted worldwide by both academia and industry. The E factor has been refined to distinguish between simple and complete E factors, for example, and to define the system boundaries. Other mass-based metrics such as process mass intensity (PMI) and reaction mass efficiency (RME) have been proposed. However, mass-based metrics need to be augmented by metrics which measure the environmental impact of waste, such as life cycle assessment (LCA), and metrics for assessing the economic viability of products and processes. The application of such metrics in measuring the sustainability of processes for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and other fine chemicals is discussed in detail. Mass-based metrics alone are not sufficient to measure the greenness and sustainability of processes for the conversion of renewable biomass vs fossil-based feedstocks. Various metrics for use in assessing sustainability of the manufacture of basic chemicals from renewable biomass are discussed. The development of a sustainable biobased production of chemicals meshes well with the concept of a circular economy, based on resource efficiency and waste minimization by design, to replace traditional linear, take–make–use–dispose economies.

更新日期：2017-11-28

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