Broad-spectrum antibiotics are frequently prescribed to children. Early childhood represents a dynamic period for the intestinal microbial ecosystem, which is readily shaped by environmental cues; antibiotic-induced disruption of this sensitive community may have long-lasting host consequences. Here we demonstrate that a single pulsed macrolide antibiotic treatment (PAT) course early in life is sufficient to lead to durable alterations to the murine intestinal microbiota, ileal gene expression, specific intestinal T-cell populations, and secretory IgA expression. A PAT-perturbed microbial community is necessary for host effects and sufficient to transfer delayed secretory IgA expression. Additionally, early-life antibiotic exposure has lasting and transferable effects on microbial community network topology. Our results indicate that a single early-life macrolide course can alter the microbiota and modulate host immune phenotypes that persist long after exposure has ceased.High or multiple doses of macrolide antibiotics, when given early in life, can perturb the metabolic and immunological development of lab mice. Here, Ruiz et al. show that even a single macrolide course, given early in life, leads to long-lasting changes in the gut microbiota and immune system of mice.

中文翻译：

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生命中的单个大环内酯类药物课程对鼠类微生物网络的拓扑结构和免疫力具有持久的影响。

经常给儿童开广谱抗生素。儿童早期代表了肠道微生物生态系统的动态时期，该时期很容易受到环境因素的影响。抗生素对这个敏感社区的破坏可能会导致长期的宿主后果。在这里，我们证明了生命早期的单脉冲大环内酯类抗生素治疗（PAT）过程足以导致鼠肠道菌群，回肠基因表达，特定肠道T细胞群体和分泌性IgA表达的持久改变。PAT干扰的微生物群落对于宿主效应是必需的，并且足以转移延迟的分泌性IgA表达。此外，生命早期的抗生素暴露对微生物群落网络拓扑结构具有持久和可转移的影响。我们的研究结果表明，单一生命周期的大环内酯类药物疗程可以改变微生物群并调节宿主免疫表型，这种免疫表型在暴露停止后仍会持续很长时间。在生命早期给予高剂量或多剂量的大环内酯类抗生素可能会扰乱其代谢和免疫学发展。实验室老鼠。在这里，Ruiz等人。结果表明，即使在生命早期就给予单一的大环内酯类药物，也会导致小鼠肠道菌群和免疫系统发生长期变化。