石墨不同高氯酸根离子嵌入阶段的显微分析,The Journal of Physical Chemistry C

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石墨不同高氯酸根离子嵌入阶段的显微分析
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-06-26 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b04303
R. Yivlialin ₁ , G. Bussetti ₁ , L. Brambilla ₂ , C. Castiglioni ₂ , M. Tommasini ₂ , L. Duò ₁ , M. Passoni ₃ , M. Ghidelli ₃ , C. S. Casari ₃ , A. Li Bassi ₃

Affiliation

从通过化学途径大规模，高质量生产石墨烯的观点出发，对基础石墨平面之间的电化学阴离子嵌入的研究引起了科学界的新兴趣。在较高的电化学势下，当发生氧化时，石墨电极会经历大量的阴离子嵌入过程。后者使最上面的石墨层（即，石墨烯片）溶胀，减少平面间的相互作用并有利于液体中的石墨分层。在高氯酸电解质中观察到不同的嵌入阶段，通常根据不同的高氯酸盐渗透深度来解释。尽管如此，对于在不同插入阶段在电极表面发生的形态变化的理解仍不完全清楚。我们结合不同的显微镜技术，包括光学，扫描电子和电化学原子力显微镜，以分析石墨表面在不同长度尺度上随所施加的电化学势而变化的形态。插层开始后，碳的溶解和气泡都会影响微米级表面，但我们发现仅当达到较高电势的插层时，石墨表面才会在亚毫米级上开裂，从而导致电极显着老化表面。扫描电子和电化学原子力显微镜检查，以分析不同长度尺度下石墨表面的形貌演变，该变化是所施加电化学势的函数。插层开始后，碳的溶解和气泡都会影响微米级表面，但我们发现仅当达到较高电势的插层时，石墨表面才会在亚毫米级上开裂，从而导致电极显着老化表面。扫描电子和电化学原子力显微镜检查，以分析不同长度尺度下石墨表面的形貌演变，该变化是所施加电化学势的函数。插层开始后，碳的溶解和气泡都会影响微米级表面，但我们发现仅当达到较高电势的插层时，石墨表面才会在亚毫米级上开裂，从而导致电极显着老化表面。

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Microscopic Analysis of the Different Perchlorate Anions Intercalation Stages of Graphite

Driven by the perspective of large-scale, high-quality graphene production via chemical routes, the investigation of electrochemical anion intercalation between the basal graphite planes has seen a renewed interest among the scientific community. At relatively high electrochemical potentials, when oxidation occurs, graphite electrodes undergo significant anion intercalation processes. The latter swell the uppermost graphite layers (i.e., graphene sheets), reduce the interplane interaction and favor the graphite delamination in liquid. Different intercalation stages are observed in a perchloric acid electrolyte, which are usually interpreted in terms of different perchlorate penetration depths. Nonetheless, the understanding of the morphological changes occurring at the electrode surface during the different intercalation stages is still not completely clear. We combine different microscopy techniques including optical, scanning electron and electrochemical atomic force microscopies to analyze the morphological evolution of the graphite surface at different length scales as a function of the applied electrochemical potential. Whereas both carbon dissolution and blisters affect the surface on the micrometer scale as soon as intercalation starts, we find that the graphite surface is cracked on the sub-millimeter scale only when intercalation at a higher potential is reached, inducing a significant aging of the electrode surface.

更新日期：2017-06-28

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