Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (i.e., graphene and its derivatives, transition metal oxides and transition metal dichalcogenides) are receiving a lot attention in energy storage application because of their unprecedented properties and great diversities. However, their re-stacking or aggregation during the electrode fabrication process has greatly hindered their further developments and applications in rechargeable lithium batteries. Recently, rationally designed hierarchical structures based on 2D nanomaterials have emerged as promising candidates in rechargeable lithium battery applications. Numerous synthetic strategies have been developed to obtain hierarchical structures and high-performance energy storage devices based on these hierarchical structure have been realized. This review summarizes the synthesis and characteristics of three styles of hierarchical architecture, namely three-dimensional (3D) porous network nanostructures, hollow nanostructures and self-supported nanoarrays, presents the representative applications of hierarchical structured nanomaterials as functional materials for lithium ion batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries and lithium-oxygen batteries, meanwhile sheds light particularly on the relationship between structure engineering and improved electrochemical performance; and provides the existing challenges and the perspectives for this fast emerging field.

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基于二维纳米材料的可充电锂电池分层结构

二维（2D）纳米材料（即石墨烯及其衍生物，过渡金属氧化物和过渡金属二卤化碳）因其空前的性能和多样性而备受关注。然而，它们在电极制造过程中的重新堆叠或聚集极大地阻碍了它们在可再充电锂电池中的进一步发展和应用。近来，基于二维纳米材料的合理设计的分层结构已经成为可再充电锂电池应用中的有希望的候选者。已经开发了许多合成策略来获得分层结构，并且已经实现了基于这些分层结构的高性能能量存储设备。这篇综述总结了三种类型的分层结构的合成和特征，即三维（3D）多孔网络纳米结构，中空纳米结构和自支撑纳米阵列，介绍了分层结构纳米材料作为锂离子电池，锂的功能材料的代表性应用。 -硫电池和锂氧电池，同时特别阐明了结构工程与改善的电化学性能之间的关系；并为这个快速发展的领域提供了现有的挑战和前景。介绍了分层结构纳米材料作为锂离子电池，锂硫电池和锂氧电池的功能材料的代表性应用，同时特别阐明了结构工程与改进的电化学性能之间的关系；并为这个快速发展的领域提供了现有的挑战和前景。介绍了分层结构纳米材料作为锂离子电池，锂硫电池和锂氧电池的功能材料的代表性应用，同时特别阐明了结构工程与改进的电化学性能之间的关系；并为这个快速发展的领域提供了现有的挑战和前景。