Over 100 types of chemical modifications have been identified in cellular RNAs. While the 5′ cap modification and the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNA play key roles in regulation, internal modifications are gaining attention for their roles in mRNA metabolism. The most abundant internal mRNA modification isN6-methyladenosine (m6A), and identification of proteins that install, recognize, and remove this and other marks have revealed roles for mRNA modification in nearly every aspect of the mRNA life cycle, as well as in various cellular, developmental, and disease processes. Abundant noncoding RNAs such as tRNAs, rRNAs, and spliceosomal RNAs are also heavily modified and depend on the modifications for their biogenesis and function. Our understanding of the biological contributions of these different chemical modifications is beginning to take shape, but it’s clear that in both coding and noncoding RNAs, dynamic modifications represent a new layer of control of genetic information.

中文翻译：

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基因表达调控中的动态RNA修饰。

在细胞RNA中已经鉴定出100多种化学修饰。虽然5'帽修饰和真核mRNA的poly（A）尾部在调控中发挥关键作用，但内部修饰因其在mRNA代谢中的作用而受到关注。最丰富的内部mRNA修饰是N6-甲基腺苷（m6A），对安装，识别和去除此标记及其他标记的蛋白质的鉴定揭示了在mRNA生命周期的几乎每个方面以及各种细胞中，mRNA修饰的作用。 ，发育和疾病过程。丰富的非编码RNA（例如tRNA，rRNA和剪接体RNA）也被大量修饰，并且依赖于修饰的生物发生和功能。