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Efficient Bulk Heterojunction CH3NH3PbI3–TiO2 Solar Cells with TiO2 Nanoparticles at Grain Boundaries of Perovskite by Multi-Cycle-Coating Strategy
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-05-02 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02323 Jun Shao 1, 2 , Songwang Yang 1 , Yan Liu 1
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-05-02 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02323 Jun Shao 1, 2 , Songwang Yang 1 , Yan Liu 1
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A novel bulk heterojunction (BHJ) perovskite solar cell (PSC), where the perovskite grains act as donor and the TiO2 nanoparticles act as acceptor, is reported. This efficient BHJ PSC was simply solution processed from a mixed precursor of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) and TiO2 nanoparticles. With dissolution and recrystallization by multi-cycle-coating, a unique composite structure ranging from a MAPbI3–TiO2-dominated layer on the substrate side to a pure perovskite layer on the top side is formed, which is beneficial for the blocking of possible contact between TiO2 and the hole transport material at the interface. Scanning electron microscopy clearly shows that TiO2 nanoparticles accumulate along the grain boundaries (GBs) of perovskite. The TiO2 nanoparticles at the GBs quickly extract and reserve photogenerated electrons before they transport into the perovskite phase, as described in the multitrapping model, retarding the electron–hole recombination and reducing the energy loss, resulting in increased VOC and fill factor. Moreover, the pinning effect of the TiO2 nanoparticles at the GBs from the strong bindings between TiO2 and MAPbI3 suppresses massive ion migration along the GBs, leading to improved operational stability and diminished hysteresis. Photoluminescence (PL) quenching and PL decay confirm the efficient exciton dissociation on the heterointerface. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and open-circuit photovoltage decay measurements show the reduced recombination loss and improved carrier lifetime of the BHJ PSCs. This novel strategy of device design effectively combines the benefits of both planar and mesostructured architectures whilst avoiding their shortcomings, eventually leading to a high PCE of 17.42% under 1 Sun illumination. The newly proposed approach also provides a new way to fabricate a TiO2-containing perovskite active layer at a low temperature.
中文翻译：
钙钛矿晶界处具有TiO 2纳米粒子的高效大体积异质结CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 -TiO 2太阳能电池的多循环涂覆策略
报道了一种新颖的整体异质结（BHJ）钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC），其中钙钛矿晶粒充当施主，而TiO 2纳米粒子充当受主。这种高效的BHJ PSC只是溶液从CH的混合前体加工3 NH 3碘化铅3（MAPbI 3）和TiO 2个纳米颗粒。通过多周期涂层的溶解和重结晶，形成了独特的复合结构，从衬底侧的MAPbI 3 -TiO 2为主层到顶侧的纯钙钛矿层不等，这有利于可能的阻塞。 TiO 2之间的接触界面处的空穴传输材料。扫描电子显微镜清楚地表明，TiO 2纳米颗粒沿钙钛矿的晶界（GBs）积累。如多陷阱模型中所述，GBs上的TiO 2纳米粒子在运入钙钛矿相之前迅速提取并保留了光生电子，这阻碍了电子-空穴复合并减少了能量损失，从而导致了V OC和填充因子的增加。此外，由于TiO 2与MAPbI 3之间的强结合，TiO 2纳米粒子在GBs处的钉扎效应抑制了离子沿GB的大量迁移，从而改善了操作稳定性并减少了磁滞现象。光致发光（PL）猝灭和PL衰减证实了异质界面上的有效激子解离。电化学阻抗谱和开路光电压衰减测量表明，BHJ PSC的重组损失降低，载流子寿命延长。这种新颖的器件设计策略有效地结合了平面结构和介观结构的优点，同时避免了它们的缺点，最终导致在1个阳光照射下的PCE高达17.42％。新提出的方法还提供了在低温下制造含TiO 2的钙钛矿活性层的新方法。
更新日期：2017-05-02
中文翻译：
钙钛矿晶界处具有TiO 2纳米粒子的高效大体积异质结CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 -TiO 2太阳能电池的多循环涂覆策略
报道了一种新颖的整体异质结（BHJ）钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC），其中钙钛矿晶粒充当施主，而TiO 2纳米粒子充当受主。这种高效的BHJ PSC只是溶液从CH的混合前体加工3 NH 3碘化铅3（MAPbI 3）和TiO 2个纳米颗粒。通过多周期涂层的溶解和重结晶，形成了独特的复合结构，从衬底侧的MAPbI 3 -TiO 2为主层到顶侧的纯钙钛矿层不等，这有利于可能的阻塞。 TiO 2之间的接触界面处的空穴传输材料。扫描电子显微镜清楚地表明，TiO 2纳米颗粒沿钙钛矿的晶界（GBs）积累。如多陷阱模型中所述，GBs上的TiO 2纳米粒子在运入钙钛矿相之前迅速提取并保留了光生电子，这阻碍了电子-空穴复合并减少了能量损失，从而导致了V OC和填充因子的增加。此外，由于TiO 2与MAPbI 3之间的强结合，TiO 2纳米粒子在GBs处的钉扎效应抑制了离子沿GB的大量迁移，从而改善了操作稳定性并减少了磁滞现象。光致发光（PL）猝灭和PL衰减证实了异质界面上的有效激子解离。电化学阻抗谱和开路光电压衰减测量表明，BHJ PSC的重组损失降低，载流子寿命延长。这种新颖的器件设计策略有效地结合了平面结构和介观结构的优点，同时避免了它们的缺点，最终导致在1个阳光照射下的PCE高达17.42％。新提出的方法还提供了在低温下制造含TiO 2的钙钛矿活性层的新方法。
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