In the present study, the antibiofilm, antipathogenic and anticarotenogenic potential of L-ascorbyl 2,6-dipalmitate (ADP) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been evaluated. ADP inhibited biofilm formation by MRSA in a concentration-dependent manner. Light and confocal laser scanning microscopic analyses further confirmed the potent antibiofilm activity of ADP. Furthermore, ADP treatment inhibited virulence factors without any influence on the growth/metabolic activity of MRSA. ADP treatment also affected the survival of MRSA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, methylene blue and whole blood, and modulated the expression of genes involved in biofilm formation and virulence. The combination of ADP with antibiotics efficiently protects Caenorhabditis elegans from MRSA infection. Compounds that inhibit staphyloxanthin synthesis are known to inhibit triglyceride accumulation in eukaryotes. Hence in the current study, the anti-obesity potential of ADP was also evaluated using the model nematode C. elegans. The results revealed the ability of ADP to mitigate triacylglyceride accumulation without affecting food consumption or reproduction. FTIR analysis also confirmed the reduction of fat accumulation. qPCR analysis revealed the ability of ADP to interfere with the expression of genes involved in fatty acid synthesis and insulin signalling. In addition, molecular docking analysis predicted the ability of ADP to interact with proteins involved in staphyloxanthin and oleic acid biosynthesis and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1 in MRSA, C. elegans and humans, respectively. The results obtained in the present study suggest that ADP could be utilized as a potent antipathogenic and anti-obesity agent.

中文翻译：

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1-抗坏血酸2,6-二棕榈酸酯抑制耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌的生物膜形成和毒力，并防止秀丽隐杆线虫中甘油三酸酯的积累†

在本研究中，已评估了L-抗坏血酸2,6-二棕榈酸酯（ADP）对耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的抗生物膜，抗病原和抗疟原虫的潜力。ADP以浓度依赖的方式抑制MRSA形成的生物膜。光和共聚焦激光扫描显微镜分析进一步证实了ADP的有效抗生物膜活性。此外，ADP处理可抑制毒力因子，而对MRSA的生长/代谢活性没有任何影响。在过氧化氢，亚甲蓝和全血存在下，ADP处理还影响了MRSA的存活，并调节了与生物膜形成和毒力有关的基因的表达。ADP与抗生素的结合可有效保护由MRSA感染引起的秀丽隐杆线虫。已知抑制葡萄黄质合成的化合物抑制真核生物中甘油三酸酯的积累。因此，在当前研究中，还使用线虫秀丽隐杆线虫模型评估了ADP的抗肥胖潜力。结果表明，ADP能够减轻甘油三酯的积累，而不会影响食物的消费或繁殖。FTIR分析也证实了脂肪堆积的减少。qPCR分析揭示了ADP干扰脂肪酸合成和胰岛素信号转导相关基因表达的能力。另外，分子对接分析预测了ADP与分别在MRSA，秀丽隐杆线虫和人类中与葡萄黄素和油酸生物合成以及硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶-1有关的蛋白质相互作用的能力。在本研究中获得的结果表明，ADP可以用作有效的抗病原和抗肥胖药。