Glucose Isomerization by Enzymes and Chemo-catalysts: Status and Current Advances,ACS Catalysis

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Glucose Isomerization by Enzymes and Chemo-catalysts: Status and Current Advances
ACS Catalysis ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-03-29 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03625
Hu Li ₁ , Song Yang ₁ , Shunmugavel Saravanamurugan ₂ , Anders Riisager ₃

Affiliation

The well-known interconversion of aldoses to their corresponding ketoses was discovered more than a century ago, but has recently attracted renewed attention due to alternative application areas. Since the pioneering discovery, much work has been directed toward improving the process of isomerization of aldoses in terms of yields, catalysts, solvents, catalytic systems, etc., by both enzymatic and chemo-catalytic approaches. Among aldose–ketose interconversion reactions, fructose production by glucose isomerization to make high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is an industrially important and large biocatalytic process today, and a large number of studies have been reported on the process development. In parallel, also alternative chemo-catalytic systems have emerged, as enzymatic conversion has drawbacks, though they are typically more selective and produce fructose under mild reaction conditions. Isomerization of glucose is also a central reaction for making renewable platform chemicals, such as lactic acid, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and levulinic acid. In these other applications, thermally stable catalysts are required, thus making use of enzymatic catalysis inadequate, since enzymes generally possess a limited temperature operating window, typically less than 80 °C. From this viewpoint, the chemo-catalysts—especially solid heterogeneous catalysts—are playing a key role for the development of not only making HFCS, but also making chemicals and fuels from glucose via the isomerized product/intermediate fructose. This review focuses on how both enzyme- and chemo-catalysts are being useful for the isomerization of glucose to fructose. Specifically, development of Lewis acid-containing zeolites for glucose isomerization is reviewed in detail, including mechanism, isotopic labeling, and computational studies.

中文翻译：

酶和化学催化剂的葡萄糖异构化：现状和最新进展

一个多世纪以前，众所周知的醛糖向其相应的酮糖的相互转化已被发现，但是由于替代性应用领域，最近引起了新的关注。自从开创性发现以来，已经通过酶促和化学催化方法在提高产率，催化剂，溶剂，催化体系等方面改善醛糖的异构化过程方面进行了许多工作。在醛糖-酮糖相互转化反应中，通过葡萄糖异构化生产高果糖玉米糖浆（HFCS）来生产果糖是当今在工业上重要的大型生物催化过程，并且已经报道了有关该过程发展的大量研究。同时，还出现了其他化学催化系统，因为酶促转化存在缺点，尽管它们通常更具选择性，并在温和的反应条件下产生果糖。葡萄糖的异构化也是制造可再生平台化学品（例如乳酸，5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）和乙酰丙酸）的重要反应。在这些其他应用中，由于催化剂通常具有有限的温度操作窗口，通常低于80°C，因此需要热稳定的催化剂，因此不能充分利用酶催化作用。从这个观点出发，化学催化剂，特别是固体多相催化剂，不仅对制造HFCS，而且还通过异构化产物/中间果糖由葡萄糖制造化学物质和燃料起着关键作用。这篇综述着重于酶和化学催化剂如何将葡萄糖异构化为果糖。

更新日期：2017-03-29

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