Since the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, research on ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has grown exponentially in the fields of condensed matter physics, material science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Highlighting their compelling physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties, as well as their various potential applications, in this Review, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the ultrathin 2D nanomaterials with a particular emphasis on their recent advances. First, we introduce the unique advances on ultrathin 2D nanomaterials, followed by the description of their composition and crystal structures. The assortments of their synthetic methods are then summarized, including insights on their advantages and limitations, alongside some recommendations on suitable characterization techniques. We also discuss in detail the utilization of these ultrathin 2D nanomaterials for wide ranges of potential applications among the electronics/optoelectronics, electrocatalysis, batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, photocatalysis, and sensing platforms. Finally, the challenges and outlooks in this promising field are featured on the basis of its current development.

中文翻译：

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超薄二维纳米材料的最新进展

自2004年发现机械剥离的石墨烯以来，在凝聚态物理，材料科学，化学和纳米技术领域，超薄二维（2D）纳米材料的研究呈指数增长。在本综述中，我们着重介绍了它们引人注目的物理，化学，电子和光学特性，以及它们的各种潜在应用，我们总结了超薄2D纳米材料的最新进展，特别强调了它们的最新进展。首先，我们介绍超薄2D纳米材料的独特进展，然后介绍其组成和晶体结构。然后总结了它们的各种合成方法，包括对它们的优点和局限性的见解，以及有关合适的表征技术的一些建议。我们还将详细讨论这些超薄2D纳米材料在电子/光电子，电催化，电池，超级电容器，太阳能电池，光催化和传感平台中的广泛潜在应用。最后，根据其当前的发展，对这个有前途的领域提出了挑战和展望。