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Methylaluminoxane-Free Chromium Catalytic System for Ethylene Tetramerization
ACS Omega ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-03-03 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00506 Eun Ho Kim 1 , Hyun Mo Lee 1 , Myoung Sun Jeong 2 , Ji Yeon Ryu 3 , Junseong Lee 3 , Bun Yeoul Lee 1
ACS Omega ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-03-03 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00506 Eun Ho Kim 1 , Hyun Mo Lee 1 , Myoung Sun Jeong 2 , Ji Yeon Ryu 3 , Junseong Lee 3 , Bun Yeoul Lee 1
Affiliation
Ethylene tetramerization catalyst systems comprising a Cr(III) complex containing PNP ligands and methylaluminoxane (MAO) are useful for the production of 1-octene. However, a concern with these systems is the use of expensive MAO in excess. Herein, we report a catalytic system that avoids the use of MAO. Metathesis of CrCl3(THF)3 and [(CH3CN)4Ag]+[B(C6F5)4]− afforded [L4CrIIICl2]+[B(C6F5)4]− (L = CH3CN or tetrahydrofuran (THF)), which was converted to [(PNP)CrCl2L2]+[B(C6F5)4]−, where PNP is iPrN(PPh2)2 (1) or [CH3(CH2)16]2CHN(PPh2)2 (2). The molecular structures of [(THF)4CrIIICl2]+[B(C6F5)4]− and [1-CrCl2(THF)2]+[B(C6F5)4]− were unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography. The cationic (PNP)CrIII complexes paired with [B(C6F5)4]− anions, that is, [(PNP)CrCl2(CH3CN)2]+[B(C6F5)4]−, exhibited high activity in chlorobenzene when activated with common trialkylaluminum species (Me3Al, Et3Al, and iBu3Al). The activities and selectivity were comparable to those of the original MAO-based Sasol system (1-CrCl3/MAO). When activated with Et3Al or iBu3Al, the Cr complex, [2-CrCl2(CH3CN)2]+[B(C6F5)4]−, which bears long alkyl chains, showed high activity in the more desirable methylcyclohexane solvent (89 kg/g-Cr/h) and much higher activity in cyclohexene (168 kg/g-Cr/h). Other advantages of the [2-CrCl2(CH3CN)2]+[B(C6F5)4]−/Et3Al system in cyclohexene were negligible catalyst deactivation, formation of only a negligible amount of polyethylene side product (0.3%), and formation of fewer unwanted side products above C10. The [B(C6F5)4]− anion is compatible with trialkylaluminum species once it is not paired with a trityl cation. Hence, [(PNP)CrCl2(CH3CN)2]+[B(C6F5)4]−/Et3Al exhibited a significantly higher activity than that of a previously reported system composed of [Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]−, that is, 1/CrCl3(THF)3/[Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]−/Et3Al.
中文翻译:
用于乙烯四聚的无甲基铝氧烷铬催化体系
包含含有PNP配体的Cr(III)络合物和甲基铝氧烷(MAO)的乙烯四聚催化剂体系可用于生产1-辛烯。然而,这些系统的一个问题是过量使用昂贵的 MAO。在此,我们报告了一种避免使用 MAO 的催化系统。 CrCl 3 (THF) 3和 [(CH 3 CN) 4 Ag] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] −复分解得到 [L 4 Cr III Cl 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] − (L = CH 3 CN 或四氢呋喃 (THF)),转换为 [(PNP)CrCl 2 L 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] − ,其中 PNP 为 iPrN(PPh 2 ) 2 ( 1 )或[CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 ] 2 CHN(PPh 2 ) 2 ( 2 )。 [(THF) 4 Cr III Cl 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] -和 [ 1 -CrCl 2 (THF) 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] -的分子结构为由X射线晶体学明确确定。 阳离子(PNP)Cr III配合物与[B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] -阴离子配对,即[(PNP)CrCl 2 (CH 3 CN) 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] − ,当用常见的三烷基铝物质(Me 3 Al、Et 3 Al 和 iBu 3 Al)活化时,在氯苯中表现出高活性。其活性和选择性与原始基于 MAO 的 Sasol 系统 ( 1 -CrCl 3 /MAO) 相当。当用 Et 3 Al 或 iBu 3 Al 活化时,带有长烷基链的 Cr 络合物 [ 2 -CrCl 2 (CH 3 CN) 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] −表现出高活性。更理想的甲基环己烷溶剂(89 kg/g-Cr/h)和更高的环己烯活性(168 kg/g-Cr/h)。 [ 2 -CrCl 2 (CH 3 CN) 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] - /Et 3 Al体系在环己烯中的其他优点是可以忽略不计的催化剂失活,仅形成可忽略不计量的聚乙烯副产物(0.3%),并且 C10 以上不需要的副产物的形成较少。 [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] -阴离子一旦不与三苯甲基阳离子配对,就与三烷基铝物质相容。 因此,[(PNP)CrCl 2 (CH 3 CN) 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] - /Et 3 Al表现出比先前报道的由[Ph 3 C]组成的体系显着更高的活性+ [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] - ,即1 /CrCl 3 (THF) 3 /[Ph 3 C] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] - /Et 3 Al。
更新日期:2017-03-03
中文翻译:
用于乙烯四聚的无甲基铝氧烷铬催化体系
包含含有PNP配体的Cr(III)络合物和甲基铝氧烷(MAO)的乙烯四聚催化剂体系可用于生产1-辛烯。然而,这些系统的一个问题是过量使用昂贵的 MAO。在此,我们报告了一种避免使用 MAO 的催化系统。 CrCl 3 (THF) 3和 [(CH 3 CN) 4 Ag] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] −复分解得到 [L 4 Cr III Cl 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] − (L = CH 3 CN 或四氢呋喃 (THF)),转换为 [(PNP)CrCl 2 L 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] − ,其中 PNP 为 iPrN(PPh 2 ) 2 ( 1 )或[CH 3 (CH 2 ) 16 ] 2 CHN(PPh 2 ) 2 ( 2 )。 [(THF) 4 Cr III Cl 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] -和 [ 1 -CrCl 2 (THF) 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] -的分子结构为由X射线晶体学明确确定。 阳离子(PNP)Cr III配合物与[B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] -阴离子配对,即[(PNP)CrCl 2 (CH 3 CN) 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] − ,当用常见的三烷基铝物质(Me 3 Al、Et 3 Al 和 iBu 3 Al)活化时,在氯苯中表现出高活性。其活性和选择性与原始基于 MAO 的 Sasol 系统 ( 1 -CrCl 3 /MAO) 相当。当用 Et 3 Al 或 iBu 3 Al 活化时,带有长烷基链的 Cr 络合物 [ 2 -CrCl 2 (CH 3 CN) 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] −表现出高活性。更理想的甲基环己烷溶剂(89 kg/g-Cr/h)和更高的环己烯活性(168 kg/g-Cr/h)。 [ 2 -CrCl 2 (CH 3 CN) 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] - /Et 3 Al体系在环己烯中的其他优点是可以忽略不计的催化剂失活,仅形成可忽略不计量的聚乙烯副产物(0.3%),并且 C10 以上不需要的副产物的形成较少。 [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] -阴离子一旦不与三苯甲基阳离子配对,就与三烷基铝物质相容。 因此,[(PNP)CrCl 2 (CH 3 CN) 2 ] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] - /Et 3 Al表现出比先前报道的由[Ph 3 C]组成的体系显着更高的活性+ [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] - ,即1 /CrCl 3 (THF) 3 /[Ph 3 C] + [B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] - /Et 3 Al。