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Combined Experimental and Computational Study on the Unimolecular Decomposition of JP-8 Jet Fuel Surrogates. II: n-Dodecane (n-C12H26)
The Journal of Physical Chemistry A ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-02-01 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11817
Long Zhao 1 , Tao Yang 1 , Ralf I. Kaiser 1 , Tyler P. Troy 2 , Musahid Ahmed 2 , Joao Marcelo Ribeiro 3 , Daniel Belisario-Lara 3 , Alexander M. Mebel 3
Affiliation  

We investigated temperature-dependent products in the pyrolysis of helium-seeded n-dodecane, which represents a surrogate of the n-alkane fraction of Jet Propellant-8 (JP-8) aviation fuel. The experiments were performed in a high temperature chemical reactor over a temperature range of 1200 K to 1600 K at a pressure of 600 Torr, with in situ identification of the nascent products in a supersonic molecular beam using single photon vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization coupled with the analysis of the ions in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ReTOF). For the first time, the initial decomposition products of n-dodecane—including radicals and thermally labile closed-shell species—were probed in experiments, which effectively exclude mass growth processes. A total of 15 different products were identified, such as molecular hydrogen (H2), C2 to C7 1-alkenes [ethylene (C2H4) to 1-heptene (C7H14)], C1–C3 radicals [methyl (CH3), ethyl (C2H5), allyl (C3H5)], small C1–C3 hydrocarbons [acetylene (C2H2), allene (C3H4), methylacetylene (C3H4)], as well as the reaction products [1,3-butadiene (C4H6), 2-butene (C4H8)] attributed to higher-order processes. Electronic structure calculations carried out at the G3(CCSD,MP2)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of theory combined with RRKM/master equation of rate constants for relevant reaction steps showed that n-dodecane decomposes initially by a nonterminal C–C bond cleavage and producing a mixture of alkyl radicals from ethyl to decyl with approximately equal branching ratios. The alkyl radicals appear to be unstable under the experimental conditions and to rapidly dissociate either directly by C–C bond β-scission to produce ethylene (C2H4) plus a smaller 1-alkyl radical with the number of carbon atoms diminished by two or via 1,5-, 1,6-, or 1,7- 1,4-, 1,9-, or 1,8-H shifts followed by C–C β-scission producing alkenes from propene to 1-nonene together with smaller 1-alkyl radicals. The stability and hence the branching ratios of higher alkenes decrease as temperature increases. The C–C β-scission continues all the way to the propyl radical (C3H7), which dissociates to methyl (CH3) plus ethylene (C2H4). In addition, at higher temperatures, another mechanism can contribute, in which hydrogen atoms abstract hydrogen from C12H26 producing various n-dodecyl radicals and these radicals then decompose by C–C bond β-scission to C3 to C11 alkenes.

中文翻译:

JP-8喷气燃料替代物单分子分解的联合实验和计算研究。II:十二烷(n -C 12 H 26

我们研究了与温度相关的产品在氦气接种的热解Ñ -dodecane,其表示的替代Ñ喷射推进剂-8(JP-8)航空燃料的烷烃馏分。实验在温度为1200 K至1600 K的高温化学反应器中于600 Torr的压力下进行,并使用单光子真空紫外(VUV)光电离耦合原位鉴定了超音速分子束中的新生产物。在反射式飞行时间质谱仪(ReTOF)中分析离子。第一次是n的初始分解产物在实验中检测了十二碳烷(包括自由基和热不稳定的闭壳物质),有效排除了质量增长过程。总共鉴定出15种不同的产物,例如分子氢(H 2),C2至C7 1-烯烃[乙烯(C 2 H 4)至1-庚烯(C 7 H 14)],C1-C3自由基[甲基] (CH 3),乙基(C 2 H 5),烯丙基(C 3 H 5)],小的C1-C3烃类[乙炔(C 2 H 2),丙二烯(C 3 H 4),甲基乙炔(C 3 H 4)]以及反应产物[1,3-丁二烯(C 4 H 6),2-丁烯(C 4 H 8)]归因于高阶过程。在G3(CCSD,MP2)// B3LYP / 6-311G(d,p)的理论水平上进行的电子结构计算,结合相关反应步骤的RRKM /速率常数主方程,表明十二烷最初会被a分解。非末端的C–C键断裂,并产生从乙基到癸基的烷基基团,其支化比大致相等。烷基自由基在实验条件下似乎不稳定,并且可以通过C–C键β断裂直接迅速解离生成乙烯(C 2 H 4)加上一个较小的1-烷基,其碳原子数减少了2个或通过1,5-,1,6-或1,7- 1,4-,1,9-或1,8-H减少转变后,进行C–Cβ分裂,从丙烯到1-壬烯以及更小的1-烷基自由基。随着温度升高,高级烯烃的稳定性以及因此的支化比降低。C–Cβ断裂一直持续到丙基(C 3 H 7),然后分解为甲基(CH 3)和乙烯(C 2 H 4)。另外,在更高的温度下,另一个机理可能起作用,其中氢原子从C 12 H 26中提取氢 产生各种正十二烷基基团,然后这些基团通过C–C键从β断裂到C3至C11烯烃而分解。
更新日期:2017-02-01
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