Polymeric graphitic carbon nitride materials (for simplicity: g‐C₃N₄) have attracted much attention in recent years because of their similarity to graphene. They are composed of C, N, and some minor H content only. In contrast to graphenes, g‐C₃N₄ is a medium‐bandgap semiconductor and in that role an effective photocatalyst and chemical catalyst for a broad variety of reactions. In this Review, we describe the “polymer chemistry” of this structure, how band positions and bandgap can be varied by doping and copolymerization, and how the organic solid can be textured to make it an effective heterogenous catalyst. g‐C₃N₄ and its modifications have a high thermal and chemical stability and can catalyze a number of “dream reactions”, such as photochemical splitting of water, mild and selective oxidation reactions, and—as a coactive catalytic support—superactive hydrogenation reactions. As carbon nitride is metal‐free as such, it also tolerates functional groups and is therefore suited for multipurpose applications in biomass conversion and sustainable chemistry.

中文翻译：

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聚合石墨碳氮化物作为多相有机催化剂：从光化学到多用途催化再到可持续化学

聚合石墨碳氮化物材料（为简单起见：g‐C ₃ N ₄）近年来由于与石墨烯的相似性而备受关注。它们仅由C，N和少量的H组成。与石墨烯相比，g‐C ₃ N ₄是一种带隙中等的半导体，在这种作用下，它是一种有效的光催化剂和化学催化剂，可用于多种反应。在这篇综述中，我们描述了这种结构的“聚合物化学”，如何通过掺杂和共聚来改变能带位置和能带隙，以及如何使有机固体结构化以使其成为有效的多相催化剂。g‐C ₃ N ₄其修饰物具有很高的热稳定性和化学稳定性，并且可以催化许多“梦reactions以求的反应”，例如水的光化学分解，温和的和选择性的氧化反应，以及作为共活性催化载体的超活性加氢反应。由于氮化碳本身不含金属，因此它也能耐受官能团，因此适用于生物质转化和可持续化学中的多用途应用。