纳米流体渗透能转换中异常的通道长度依赖性,Advanced Functional Materials

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纳米流体渗透能转换中异常的通道长度依赖性
Advanced Functional Materials ( IF 18.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-01-13 , DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201604302
Liuxuan Cao ₁ , Feilong Xiao ₁ , Yaping Feng ₂ , Weiwei Zhu ₂ , Wenxiao Geng ₃ , Jinlei Yang ₂ , Xiaopeng Zhang ₂ , Ning Li ₁ , Wei Guo ₂ , Lei Jiang ₂

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材料科学和纳米技术的最新进展已引起人们对构建用于能量转换和存储的离子通道模拟纳米流体系统的浓厚兴趣。传统观点认为，为了获得高电能，应减小纳米通道（L）的纵向尺寸，以降低离子迁移的阻力并提供高离子通量。在这里，在纳米流体渗透发电中描述了违反直觉的通道长度依赖性。对于短纳米通道（长度为L<400 nm），转换后的电功率随着通道长度的减少而持续降低，表现出异常的非欧姆响应。热力学分析和数值模拟相结合证明，过短的通道长度会损害纳米流体通道的电荷选择性，并引起强烈的离子浓度极化。这两个因素最终破坏了渗透发电及其能量转换效率。因此，最佳通道长度应在400至1000 nm之间，以在平衡效率的同时最大化电功率。这些发现揭示了在纳米流体能量转换中长期被忽视的元素，通道长度的重要性，并为高性能纳米流体能量设备的设计提供了指导。

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Anomalous Channel‐Length Dependence in Nanofluidic Osmotic Energy Conversion

Recent advances in materials science and nanotechnology have lead to considerable interest in constructing ion‐channel‐mimetic nanofluidic systems for energy conversion and storage. The conventional viewpoint suggests that to gain high electrical energy, the longitudinal dimension of the nanochannels (L) should be reduced so as to bring down the resistance for ion transport and provide high ionic flux. Here, counterintuitive channel‐length dependence is described in nanofluidic osmotic power generation. For short nanochannels (with length L < 400 nm), the converted electric power persistently decreases with the decreasing channel length, showing an anomalous, non‐Ohmic response. The combined thermodynamic analysis and numerical simulation prove that the excessively short channel length impairs the charge selectivity of the nanofluidic channels and induces strong ion concentration polarization. These two factors eventually undermine the osmotic power generation and its energy conversion efficiency. Therefore, the optimal channel length should be between 400 and 1000 nm in order to maximize the electric power, while balancing the efficiency. These findings reveal the importance of a long‐overlooked element, the channel length, in nanofluidic energy conversion and provide guidance to the design of high‐performance nanofluidic energy devices.

更新日期：2017-01-13

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