The Effects of Inorganic Additives on the Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Crystals,Crystal Growth & Design

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The Effects of Inorganic Additives on the Nucleation and Growth Kinetics of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Crystals
Crystal Growth & Design ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2017-01-06 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b01441
Taher Rabizadeh ₁ , Tomasz M. Stawski _{1,

2} , David J. Morgan ₃ , Caroline L. Peacock ₁ , Liane G. Benning _{1,

2,

4}

Affiliation

The effects that 50–500 mM aqueous Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, and Mg²⁺ have on the crystallization kinetics of calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum; CaSO₄·2H₂O) were determined by in situ and time-resolved UV–vis spectrophotometry. The mechanisms of surface or structural associations between these additives and the end-product gypsum crystals were evaluated through a combination of inductively coupled plasma mass and/or optical emission spectrometric analyses of digested end-products and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the surface of the solids. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were utilized for determining any changes in phase composition and growth morphologies of the formed crystals. Our results revealed that Mg²⁺, even at low concentrations, decreased the nucleation and growth kinetics 5–10 fold more than Li⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺. In all cases, the additives also changed the shapes and sizes of the formed crystals, with Mg²⁺ and Li⁺ resulting in longer and narrower crystals compared to the additive-free system. In addition, we show that, regardless of concentration, Mg²⁺, Li⁺, and K⁺ only adsorb to the newly forming surfaces of the growing gypsum crystals, while ∼25% of Na⁺ becomes incorporated into the synthesized crystals.

中文翻译：

无机添加剂对二水合硫酸钙晶体成核和生长动力学的影响

通过原位测定50–500 mM的Li ⁺，Na ⁺，K ⁺和Mg ²⁺水溶液对二水合硫酸钙（石膏； CaSO ₄ ·2H ₂ O）的结晶动力学的影响。和时间分辨紫外可见分光光度法。通过电感耦合等离子体质量和/或消化后的最终产物的光发射光谱分析与表面的X射线光电子能谱相结合，评估了这些添加剂与最终产品石膏晶体之间表面或结构缔合的机理。固体。此外，利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜来确定所形成晶体的相组成和生长形态的任何变化。我们的结果表明，即使在低浓度下，Mg ²⁺的成核和生长动力学也比Li ⁺，Na ⁺和K ⁺降低5-10倍。。在所有情况下，添加剂也改变了所形成晶体的形状和尺寸，与不含添加剂的体系相比，Mg ²⁺和Li ⁺导致晶体更长，更窄。此外，我们表明，无论浓度如何，Mg 2 ⁺，Li ⁺和K ^+都只会吸附到正在生长的石膏晶体的新形成表面上，而约25％的Na ⁺会掺入到合成晶体中。

更新日期：2017-01-06

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