Organometal halide perovskite materials have triggered enormous attention for a wide range of high-performance optoelectronic devices. However, their stability and toxicity are major bottleneck challenges for practical applications. Substituting toxic heavy metal, that is, lead (Pb), with other environmentally benign elements, for example, tin (Sn), could be a potential solution to address the toxicity issue. Nevertheless, even worse stability of Sn-based perovskite material than Pb-based perovskite poses a great challenge for further device fabrication. In this work, for the first time, three-dimensional CH₃NH₃SnI₃ perovskite nanowire arrays were fabricated in nanoengineering templates, which can address nanowire integration and stability issues at the same time. Also, nanowire photodetectors have been fabricated and characterized. Intriguingly, it was discovered that as the nanowires are embedded in mechanically and chemically robust templates, the material decay process has been dramatically slowed down by up to 840 times, as compared with a planar thin film. This significant improvement on stability can be attributed to the effective blockage of diffusion of water and oxygen molecules within the templates. These results clearly demonstrate a new and alternative strategy to address the stability issue of perovskite materials, which is the major roadblock for high-performance optoelectronics.

中文翻译：

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无铅钙钛矿纳米线阵列光电探测器在纳米工程模板中具有显着改善的稳定性

有机金属卤化物钙钛矿材料引起了广泛的高性能光电器件的广泛关注。然而，它们的稳定性和毒性是实际应用中的主要瓶颈挑战。用其他环境友好元素（例如锡（Sn））代替有毒重金属，即铅（Pb），可能是解决毒性问题的潜在解决方案。然而，与基于铅的钙钛矿相比，基于锡的钙钛矿材料甚至更差的稳定性对进一步的器件制造提出了巨大的挑战。在这项工作中，第一次是三维CH ₃ NH ₃ SnI ₃钙钛矿纳米线阵列是在纳米工程模板中制造的，可以同时解决纳米线的集成和稳定性问题。而且，已经制造并表征了纳米线光电探测器。有趣的是，发现纳米线嵌入机械和化学坚固的模板中，与平面薄膜相比，材料的衰减过程已大大减慢了840倍。稳定性的显着改善可归因于有效阻止模板中水和氧分子的扩散。这些结果清楚地说明了解决钙钛矿材料稳定性问题的新的替代策略，这是高性能光电技术的主要障碍。