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The Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway to Isoprenoids
Chemical Reviews ( IF 51.4 ) Pub Date : 2016-12-20 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00537
Annika Frank 1 , Michael Groll 1
Affiliation  

Isoprenoids constitute one of the most diverse classes of natural products. As a compound class, they are essential to basic metabolic processes including cell-wall biosynthesis, post-translational protein modifications, and signaling. In addition, isoprenoid secondary metabolites are highly valuable natural products with a wide range of biotechnological applications. The biosynthesis of their two universal building blocks, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate, was thought to proceed exclusively by way of mevalonate as a key intermediate until a novel pathway involving methylerithritol phosphate (MEP) was discovered in the early 1990s. In this review, we describe the seven enzymes of the MEP pathway, along with their discoveries, three-dimensional structures, and mechanisms. The latter include examples of remarkable enzyme catalysis including an unusual cytidilation reaction and the use of iron–sulfur cluster cofactors in reductive ring opening and hydroxy-group elimination. Furthermore, isoprenoid biosynthesis shows a characteristic species distribution. A brief overview highlights the MEP pathway’s potential as a selective drug target, which is absent in humans but essential to the survival of many important bacterial and apicomplexan pathogens.

中文翻译:

甲基赤藓糖醇通往异戊二烯的途径

类异戊二烯构成天然产物中最多样化的类别之一。作为化合物类别,它们对于基本代谢过程(包括细胞壁生物合成,翻译后蛋白质修饰和信号传导)必不可少。此外,类异戊二烯次生代谢产物是具有广泛生物技术应用价值的极有价值的天然产物。据认为,它们的两个通用结构单元(异戊烯基二磷酸酯和二甲基烯丙基二磷酸酯)的生物合成仅通过甲羟戊酸酯作为关键中间体进行,直到在1990年代初发现了涉及甲基甲基赤藓醇磷酸酯(MEP)的新途径。在这篇综述中,我们描述了MEP途径的七种酶,以及它们的发现,三维结构和机制。后者包括出色的酶催化作用,包括异常的胞苷化反应以及在还原性开环和羟基消除中使用铁硫簇辅因子。此外,类异戊二烯的生物合成显示出特征性的物种分布。简要概述强调了MEP途径作为选择性药物靶标的潜力,该物质在人类中不存在,但对于许多重要的细菌和apicomplexan病原体的生存至关重要。
更新日期:2016-12-20
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