基于溶剂工程的免退火钙钛矿薄膜，用于高效太阳能电池<a href="#fn1" title="提供电子补充信息（ESI）：实验细节，SEM，AFM，稳定性图像，UPS光谱，J–V曲线和EQE光谱。参见DOI：10.1039 / c6tc04944c">†</a>,Journal of Materials Chemistry C

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基于溶剂工程的免退火钙钛矿薄膜，用于高效太阳能电池 †
Journal of Materials Chemistry C ( IF 5.7 ) Pub Date : 2016-12-13 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c6tc04944c
Xiang Fang _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Yihui Wu _{6,

7,

8,

9,

10} , Yongting Lu _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Yue Sun _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Shuai Zhang _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Jing Zhang _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Wenhua Zhang _{6,

7,

8,

9,

10} , Ningyi Yuan _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5} , Jianning Ding _{1,

2,

3,

4,

5}

Affiliation

高性能钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的主要问题之一是高质量钙钛矿薄膜的制造。然而，对于高结晶度的膜，通常需要通过典型的基于溶液的方法进行热退火处理，这可能导致不均匀的成核，并且是耗时的。在本文中，我们系统地研究了不同溶剂对钙钛矿薄膜的形态和结晶度的影响，并进一步开发了无需退火即可用于均匀钙钛矿薄膜的溶剂技术。N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮（NMP）已被用作高沸点溶剂和络合剂，并与常用的N，N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）或二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc），以改善钙钛矿薄膜的质量并增强相应的器件性能。使用后退火工艺由DMAc / NMP助溶剂制成的PSC显示出17.38％的最佳功率转换效率（PCE），与基于DMF /二甲基亚砜（DMSO）的器件相比，该器件的功率转换效率提高了约10％。 DMAc / DMSO助溶剂。值得注意的是，即使不对基于DMAc / NMP助溶剂的器件进行任何后退火处理，也可以实现17.09％的效率。但是，在相同条件下，基于DMAc / DMSO助溶剂的器件只能获得3.81％的效率。观察到的现象主要是由于以下事实：一旦抗溶剂在室温（RT）滴在薄膜上，含NMP的溶剂便会引起瞬间结晶。

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Annealing-free perovskite films based on solvent engineering for efficient solar cells†

One of the main issues for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the fabrication of high-quality perovskite films. However, a thermal annealing process is generally required for a high crystallinity film via a typical solution-based method, which may result in inhomogeneous nucleation, and is time-consuming. Herein, we investigate the effects of different solvents on the morphology and the crystallinity of perovskite films systematically and further develop a solvent-technique for uniform perovskite films without the need for annealing. N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) has been adopted as a high-boiling-point solvent and a complexant, combined with the commonly used N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or dimethylacetamide (DMAc), to improve the quality of perovskite films and enhance the corresponding device performance. PSCs fabricated from DMAc/NMP co-solvents using the post-annealing process show the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.38%, which is about 10% improvement compared to that of the device based on DMF/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or DMAc/DMSO co-solvents. Notably, 17.09% efficiency has been achieved even without any post-annealing process for the device based on DMAc/NMP co-solvents. However, only 3.81% efficiency can be obtained for the device based on DMAc/DMSO co-solvents under the same conditions. The observed phenomenon is mainly due to the fact that the NMP-included solvents can induce an instant crystallization once the anti-solvent drips on the films at room temperature (RT). Our study may provide a new approach to prepare high-quality perovskite films at RT, which would simplify the fabrication procedures and reduce the cost of efficient PSC manufacture.

更新日期：2016-12-13

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