Current technologies for X-ray detection rely on scintillation from expensive inorganic crystals grown at high-temperature, which so far has hindered the development of large-area scintillator arrays. Thanks to the presence of heavy atoms, solution-grown hybrid lead halide perovskite single crystals exhibit short X-ray absorption length and excellent detection efficiency. Here we compare X-ray scintillator characteristics of three-dimensional (3D) MAPbI₃ and MAPbBr₃ and two-dimensional (2D) (EDBE)PbCl₄ hybrid perovskite crystals. X-ray excited thermoluminescence measurements indicate the absence of deep traps and a very small density of shallow trap states, which lessens after-glow effects. All perovskite single crystals exhibit high X-ray excited luminescence yields of >120,000 photons/MeV at low temperature. Although thermal quenching is significant at room temperature, the large exciton binding energy of 2D (EDBE)PbCl₄ significantly reduces thermal effects compared to 3D perovskites, and moderate light yield of 9,000 photons/MeV can be achieved even at room temperature. This highlights the potential of 2D metal halide perovskites for large-area and low-cost scintillator devices for medical, security and scientific applications.

中文翻译：

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卤化钙钛矿晶体中的X射线闪烁。

当前用于X射线检测的技术依赖于在高温下生长的昂贵无机晶体的闪烁，到目前为止，这已阻碍了大面积闪烁体阵列的开发。由于存在重原子，溶液生长的杂化卤化钙钛矿型单晶具有较短的X射线吸收长度和出色的检测效率。在这里，我们比较了三维（3D）MAPbI ₃和MAPbBr ₃和二维（2D）（EDBE）PbCl _4的X射线闪烁体特性混合钙钛矿晶体。X射线激发的热致发光测量表明不存在深陷阱，并且浅陷阱态的密度非常小，这减少了余辉效应。所有的钙钛矿单晶在低温下均表现出高> 120,000光子/ MeV的X射线激发发光产量。尽管在室温下热猝灭非常重要，但与3D钙钛矿相比，2D（EDBE）PbCl ₄的大激子结合能显着降低了热效应，即使在室温下也可实现9,000光子/ MeV的中等光产率。这凸显了二维金属卤化物钙钛矿在医疗，安全和科学应用中用于大面积和低成本闪烁体设备的潜力。