Fundamental research on refined observations and structural characteristics of the spatial and temporal evolution of precipitation-producing weather in the Mount Everest region (MER) is lacking. Via the second comprehensive scientific investigation and research plan of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, in this paper, we report the first observation experiment with multisource remote sensing detection equipment for studying convective cloud precipitation on the northern slope in the MER from 2019 to 2023, revealing the unique mechanism triggering summer convective cloud precipitation and the spatial and temporal evolution of its macro- and microscale physical structural characteristics. Multisource detection equipment, including X-band dual-polarization Doppler weather radar, ground automatic stations, 2D video disdrometers, microwave radiometers and radio sounding, were employed to construct an observation network. Secondary inversion data were derived from these multisource observation data. Compared with observation data from other regions, such as Chengdu, summer convective cloud precipitation data in the MER revealed two unique macro- and microstructural characteristics. The internal physical mechanism underlying the influence of the northern slope on summer convective cloud precipitation in the MER is that the extremely high elevation, complex topography, summer South Asian monsoon and intense solar radiation jointly promote the formation of intense thermal vertical motion throughout the troposphere and weak dynamic uplift and poor water vapor conditions in the boundary layer. This study may bridge the gap in detailed observations of the weather structure of the convective cloud precipitation for the northern slope of the MER in summer and provide a significant reference for further studies of Tibetan Plateau weather changes and their potential impacts on the global climate.

中文翻译：

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珠峰地区对流云降水特征及机理研究


缺乏对珠穆朗玛峰地区 （MER） 产生降水天气的时空演变的精细观测和结构特征的基础研究。本文通过青藏高原第二次综合科学调查研究计划，报道了 2019—2023 年青藏高原北坡多源遥感探测设备首次观测试验，揭示了夏季对流云降水的独特触发机制及其宏观和微观物理结构特征的时空演变。 采用 X 波段双极化多普勒天气雷达、地面自动站、二维视频测深仪、微波辐射计和无线电探测等多源探测设备构建观测网络。二次逆温数据来自这些多源观测数据。与成都等其他地区的观测数据相比，MER 中的夏季对流云降水数据揭示了两个独特的宏观和微观结构特征。北坡影响MER夏季对流云降水的内在物理机制是极高海拔、复杂地形、夏季南亚季风和强烈的太阳辐射共同促进了整个对流层强烈热垂直运动的形成和边界层微弱的动力隆起和较差的水汽条件。 本研究可能弥合夏季 MER 北坡对流云降水天气结构详细观测的空白，为进一步研究青藏高原天气变化及其对全球气候的潜在影响提供重要参考。