To what extent does minority distinctiveness from the majority mitigate or exacerbate discrimination? Similarities between majority and minority groups may reduce societal and political discrimination. Yet shared identities along one cleavage coupled with distinctive characteristics along another may also render commonalities salient for inter-group competition and conflict. We examine how cross-cuttingness of group-level religious identity with ethnicity, geographic concentration, and economic class influences societal religious discrimination (SRD) and governmental religious discrimination (GRD) against religious minorities at the state level. We find that greater cross-cuttingness of religion and ethnicity leads to decreased SRD and GRD. Yet while more cross-cutting geographic distributions of religious groups correlate with lower SRD and higher GRD, greater economic cross-cuttingness between religious groups correlates with higher SRD and lower GRD. These findings offer a nuanced theoretical and empirical bridge to understand discrimination, as social and political behaviors between individual expressions of societal prejudice and intergroup violent conflict.

中文翻译：

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多维身份分裂和宗教歧视


少数群体与多数群体的区别在多大程度上减轻或加剧了歧视？多数群体和少数群体之间的相似性可能会减少社会和政治歧视。然而，一个裂缝上的共同身份，加上另一个裂缝上的独特特征，也可能使共性在群体间的竞争和冲突中变得突出。我们研究了群体层面的宗教认同与种族、地理集中和经济阶层的交叉性如何影响州一级对宗教少数群体的社会宗教歧视 （SRD） 和政府宗教歧视 （GRD）。我们发现宗教和种族的更大横切性导致 SRD 和 GRD 降低。然而，虽然宗教团体的跨领域地理分布与较低的 SRD 和较高的 GRD 相关，但宗教团体之间更大的经济交叉性与较高的 SRD 和较低的 GRD 相关。这些发现为理解歧视提供了一个微妙的理论和实证桥梁，即个人社会偏见表达和群体间暴力冲突之间的社会和政治行为。