In pre-industrial rural Italy, the disparities among smallholders, sharecroppers, and day laborers were starkly defined by their unequal access to land, which significantly influenced their living standards, family structures, and socioeconomic conditions. This paper uses nominative data from 1819 to 1859 to first explore how the different peasant categories adjusted their demographic behaviors according to their tie to the land, and then how they were possibly modified when short-term stressors, such as price increase and/or epidemics, altered the existing equilibrium.

中文翻译：

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土地不平等和人口结果：19 世纪托斯卡纳农村土地获取与人口系统之间的关系


在前工业化时代的意大利农村，小农、佃农和临时工之间的差距明显地表现为他们对土地的不平等获取，这极大地影响了他们的生活水平、家庭结构和社会经济条件。本文使用 1819 年至 1859 年的原始数据，首先探讨了不同的农民类别如何根据他们与土地的联系来调整他们的人口行为，然后当短期压力因素（如价格上涨和/或流行病）改变了现有的平衡时，他们是如何被改变的。