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Rock Glacier Velocity: An Essential Climate Variable Quantity for Permafrost
Reviews of Geophysics ( IF 25.2 ) Pub Date : 2025-01-26 , DOI: 10.1029/2024rg000847
Yan Hu, Lukas U. Arenson, Chloé Barboux, Xavier Bodin, Alessandro Cicoira, Reynald Delaloye, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, Andreas Kääb, Andreas Kellerer-Pirklbauer, Christophe Lambiel, Lin Liu, Cécile Pellet, Line Rouyet, Philippe Schoeneich, Gernot Seier, Tazio Strozzi

Rock glaciers are distinctive debris landforms found worldwide in cold mountainous regions. They express the long-term movement of perennially frozen ground. Rock Glacier Velocity (RGV), defined as the time series of the annualized surface velocity of a rock glacier unit or a part of it, has been accepted as an Essential Climate Variable Permafrost Quantity in 2022. This review aims to highlight the relationship between rock glacier velocity and climatic factors, emphasizing the scientific relevance of interannual rock glacier velocity in generating RGV products within the context of observed rock glacier kinematics. Under global warming, rock glacier velocity exhibits widespread (multi-)decennial acceleration. This acceleration varies regionally in onset timing (from the 1950s to the 2010s) and magnitude (up to a factor of 10), and has been observed in regions such as the European Alps, High Mountain Asia, and the Andes. Despite different local conditions, a synchronous interannual velocity pattern prevails in the European Alps since the 2000s, highlighting the primary influence of climate. A common pattern is the seasonal velocity rhythm, which peaks in late summer to autumn and declines in spring. RGV assesses permafrost evolution via (multi-)decennial and interannual changes in rock glacier velocity, influenced by air temperature shifts with varying time lags and snow cover effects. Although not integrated into the RGV products, seasonal variations should be examined. This rhythmic behavior is attributed to alterations in pore water pressure influenced by air temperature, snow cover, and ground water conditions.

中文翻译:


岩石冰川速度:永久冻土的基本气候变量



岩石冰川是世界各地寒冷山区发现的独特碎屑地貌。它们表达了常年冻土的长期运动。岩石冰川速度 (RGV) 定义为岩石冰川单元或其中一部分的年化表面速度的时间序列,已在 2022 年被接受为基本气候变量永久冻土量。本文旨在强调岩石冰川速度与气候因素之间的关系,强调在观测到的岩石冰川运动学背景下,年际岩石冰川速度在产生 RGV 产物中的科学相关性。在全球变暖下,岩石冰川速度表现出广泛的(多)十年加速。这种加速在发病时间(从 1950 年代到 2010 年代)和幅度(高达 10 倍)方面因区域而异,在欧洲阿尔卑斯山、亚洲高山和安第斯山脉等地区都观察到。尽管当地条件不同,但自 2000 年代以来,欧洲阿尔卑斯山普遍存在同步的年际速度模式,突出了气候的主要影响。一种常见的模式是季节性速度节律,在夏末至秋季达到峰值,在春季下降。RGV 通过岩石冰川速度的(多)十年和年际变化来评估永久冻土的演变,受具有不同时间滞后和积雪效果的空气温度变化的影响。虽然没有集成到 RGV 产品中,但应检查季节性变化。这种有节奏的行为归因于受气温、积雪覆盖和地下水条件影响的孔隙水压力的变化。
更新日期:2025-01-27
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