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Thermal comfort and perceived air quality (PAQ) using automatic ceiling fans in residential buildings
Energy and Buildings ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115317
Akshit Gupta, Giulia Torriani, Simone Torresin, Lorenza Pistore, Matteo Pellegatti, Lucia Piazza, Fabrizio Miorin, Wilmer Pasut, Annamaria Belleri, Roberto Lollini, Francesco Babich
Energy and Buildings ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2025-01-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115317
Akshit Gupta, Giulia Torriani, Simone Torresin, Lorenza Pistore, Matteo Pellegatti, Lucia Piazza, Fabrizio Miorin, Wilmer Pasut, Annamaria Belleri, Roberto Lollini, Francesco Babich
In warm climates, resilient and low-energy methods for cooling building occupants are needed to ensure energy-efficient and adaptive thermal comfort. Air movement, particularly through ceiling fans, is an effective way to provide comfort in warm conditions, potentially minimizing or even avoiding the need for more energy-intensive air conditioning systems. This study aims to validate an algorithm for automatically adapting ceiling fan speed in residential settings based on room thermal conditions and focuses on subjective thermal satisfaction and perceived air quality (PAQ). An environmental chamber study was conducted with 30 participants across three different indoor air temperature conditions (27 °C, 29 °C, and 31 °C) over 2-hour sessions, testing four fan operational modes: Automatic (downward flow), Manual Direct (downward flow), Manual Reverse (upward flow), and Off. Subjective thermal satisfaction and PAQ were measured using standardized questionnaires on a 7-point Likert scale. Results showed that automatic operation maintained comparable thermal satisfaction levels to manual control, with no statistically significant differences (p > 0.3) across all temperature conditions, indicating that the automatic algorithm successfully provided comfortable environmental conditions comparable to user-controlled settings. Direct flow mode (downward) significantly outperformed reverse flow mode in thermal satisfaction, especially at higher temperatures (29 °C and 31 °C, p < 0.05). Air movement in direct flow improved perceived air quality compared to the no fan condition across all temperatures (p < 0.05). Automatic fan control showed no difference in PAQ satisfaction across all temperature conditions (p > 0.2), while manual and off modes showed decreased satisfaction, particularly from 27 °C to 31 °C (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that automatic ceiling fans can achieve equivalent comfort satisfaction to manual operation while enabling a more energy-efficient alternative to traditional air conditioning. The validated automatic control system provides a practical pathway toward resilient and personalized cooling strategies in residential buildings, contributing to both climate change mitigation and the achievement of plus-energy building goals.
中文翻译:
在住宅建筑中使用自动吊扇的热舒适度和感知空气质量 (PAQ)
在温暖的气候中,需要有弹性和低能耗的方法来冷却建筑物居住者,以确保节能和适应性热舒适性。空气流动,尤其是通过吊扇的空气流动,是在温暖条件下提供舒适感的有效方式,有可能最大限度地减少甚至避免对更能源密集型空调系统的需求。本研究旨在验证一种根据室内热条件在住宅环境中自动调整吊扇速度的算法,并侧重于主观热满意度和感知空气质量 (PAQ)。在 2 小时的会议中,对 30 名参与者在三种不同的室内空气温度条件(27 °C、29 °C 和 31 °C)进行了一项环境室研究,测试了四种风扇运行模式:自动(向动)、手动直接(向动)、手动反向(向上流动)和关闭。主观热满意度和 PAQ 使用 7 点李克特量表的标准化问卷进行测量。结果表明,自动操作保持了与手动控制相当的热满意度水平,在所有温度条件下没有统计学上的显着差异 (p > 0.3),表明自动算法成功地提供了与用户控制设置相当的舒适环境条件。顺流模式(向下)在热满意度方面明显优于逆流模式,尤其是在较高温度下(29 °C 和 31 °C,p < 0.05)。与在所有温度下无风扇的情况相比,直接流动的空气流动改善了感知空气质量 (p < 0.05)。自动风扇控制显示,在所有温度条件下,PAQ 满意度没有差异 (p > 0.2),而手动和关闭模式的满意度降低,尤其是在 27 °C 到 31 °C 之间 (p < 0.05)。这些发现表明,自动吊扇可以实现与手动操作相当的舒适度满意度,同时成为传统空调更节能的替代方案。经过验证的自动控制系统为住宅建筑中的弹性和个性化冷却策略提供了一条实用途径,有助于缓解气候变化和实现加能耗建筑目标。
更新日期:2025-01-13
中文翻译:
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在住宅建筑中使用自动吊扇的热舒适度和感知空气质量 (PAQ)
在温暖的气候中,需要有弹性和低能耗的方法来冷却建筑物居住者,以确保节能和适应性热舒适性。空气流动,尤其是通过吊扇的空气流动,是在温暖条件下提供舒适感的有效方式,有可能最大限度地减少甚至避免对更能源密集型空调系统的需求。本研究旨在验证一种根据室内热条件在住宅环境中自动调整吊扇速度的算法,并侧重于主观热满意度和感知空气质量 (PAQ)。在 2 小时的会议中,对 30 名参与者在三种不同的室内空气温度条件(27 °C、29 °C 和 31 °C)进行了一项环境室研究,测试了四种风扇运行模式:自动(向动)、手动直接(向动)、手动反向(向上流动)和关闭。主观热满意度和 PAQ 使用 7 点李克特量表的标准化问卷进行测量。结果表明,自动操作保持了与手动控制相当的热满意度水平,在所有温度条件下没有统计学上的显着差异 (p > 0.3),表明自动算法成功地提供了与用户控制设置相当的舒适环境条件。顺流模式(向下)在热满意度方面明显优于逆流模式,尤其是在较高温度下(29 °C 和 31 °C,p < 0.05)。与在所有温度下无风扇的情况相比,直接流动的空气流动改善了感知空气质量 (p < 0.05)。自动风扇控制显示,在所有温度条件下,PAQ 满意度没有差异 (p > 0.2),而手动和关闭模式的满意度降低,尤其是在 27 °C 到 31 °C 之间 (p < 0.05)。这些发现表明,自动吊扇可以实现与手动操作相当的舒适度满意度,同时成为传统空调更节能的替代方案。经过验证的自动控制系统为住宅建筑中的弹性和个性化冷却策略提供了一条实用途径,有助于缓解气候变化和实现加能耗建筑目标。