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The Effects of Gymnastics Programs with Different Cognitive Loads on Working Memory and Prefrontal Cortex Oxygenation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2025-01-16 , DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003648
Chih-Chien Lin,Shih-Chun Kao,Chiao-Ling Hung,Chia-Liang Tsai,Chung-Ju Huang,Yu-Kai Chang,Tsung-Min Hung
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2025-01-16 , DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003648
Chih-Chien Lin,Shih-Chun Kao,Chiao-Ling Hung,Chia-Liang Tsai,Chung-Ju Huang,Yu-Kai Chang,Tsung-Min Hung
PURPOSE
This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the effects of gymnastics programs with high versus low cognitive load on children's visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) oxygenation.
METHODS
Eighty-one healthy children aged 7 to 10 from Taipei City were randomly assigned to high cognitive load (HG), low cognitive load (LG), and control (SC) groups. The HG and LG groups underwent an 8-week gymnastics program with different levels of cognitive load, while the SC group participated in a static course. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included VSWM tests and simultaneous monitoring of PFC oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration.
RESULTS
The results showed time-related improvements in response accuracy and d-prime (d') from the pretest to posttest for both the HG and LG groups but not for the SC group. Additionally, the HG group demonstrated higher response accuracy and d' compared to the SC group at the posttest. Although VSWM-related HbO concentration was higher during task conditions requiring higher WM load compared to low WM load, no intervention effect was found. Further correlation analysis controlling for intervention-related fitness changes revealed positive associations between time-related changes in VSWM performance (response accuracy and d') and HbO concentration across all participants, with a similar correlation between response accuracy and HbO remaining specifically in the HG group but not other groups.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that a 8-week gymnastics program can enhance VSWM performance and such cognitive benefits may be maximized by incorporating higher cognitive loads into the intervention. Despite the positive correlations between time-related changes in PFC oxygenation and VSWM performance, the gymnastics programs did not alter task-related PFC oxygenation, suggesting that intervention-induced VSWM improvement may not be solely dependent on changes in task-related PFC oxygenation.
中文翻译:
具有不同认知负荷的体操项目对工作记忆和前额叶皮层氧合的影响:一项随机对照试验。
目的 本研究使用功能性近红外光谱 (fNIRS) 来研究高认知负荷与低认知负荷的体操项目对儿童视觉空间工作记忆 (VSWM) 和前额叶皮层 (PFC) 氧合的影响。方法 将台北市 81 例 7 至 10 岁健康儿童随机分为高认知负荷 (HG) 、低认知负荷 (LG) 和对照组 (SC)。HG 和 LG 组接受了为期 8 周的体操计划,具有不同程度的认知负荷,而 SC 组参加了静态课程。干预前后评估包括 VSWM 测试和 PFC 氧合血红蛋白 (HbO) 浓度的同时监测。结果 结果显示,HG 组和 LG 组从前测到后测的响应准确性和 d-prime (d') 与时间相关的改善,但 SC 组没有。此外,与SC组相比,HG组在后测中表现出更高的反应准确性和d'。尽管与低 WM 负荷相比,在需要较高 WM 负荷的任务条件下,VSWM 相关的 HbO 浓度更高,但没有发现干预效果。控制干预相关健康变化的进一步相关性分析显示,所有参与者的 VSWM 性能(响应准确性和 d')和 HbO 浓度的时间相关变化之间存在正相关,响应准确性和 HbO 之间的类似相关性仅在 HG 组中仍然存在,而其他组则没有。结论 这些发现表明,为期 8 周的体操计划可以提高 VSWM 的表现,并且通过将更高的认知负荷纳入干预中,可以最大限度地发挥这种认知益处。 尽管 PFC 氧合的时间相关变化与 VSWM 表现呈正相关,但体操项目并未改变任务相关的 PFC 氧合,这表明干预诱导的 VSWM 改善可能不仅仅取决于任务相关 PFC 氧合的变化。
更新日期:2025-01-16
中文翻译:
![](https://scdn.x-mol.com/jcss/images/paperTranslation.png)
具有不同认知负荷的体操项目对工作记忆和前额叶皮层氧合的影响:一项随机对照试验。
目的 本研究使用功能性近红外光谱 (fNIRS) 来研究高认知负荷与低认知负荷的体操项目对儿童视觉空间工作记忆 (VSWM) 和前额叶皮层 (PFC) 氧合的影响。方法 将台北市 81 例 7 至 10 岁健康儿童随机分为高认知负荷 (HG) 、低认知负荷 (LG) 和对照组 (SC)。HG 和 LG 组接受了为期 8 周的体操计划,具有不同程度的认知负荷,而 SC 组参加了静态课程。干预前后评估包括 VSWM 测试和 PFC 氧合血红蛋白 (HbO) 浓度的同时监测。结果 结果显示,HG 组和 LG 组从前测到后测的响应准确性和 d-prime (d') 与时间相关的改善,但 SC 组没有。此外,与SC组相比,HG组在后测中表现出更高的反应准确性和d'。尽管与低 WM 负荷相比,在需要较高 WM 负荷的任务条件下,VSWM 相关的 HbO 浓度更高,但没有发现干预效果。控制干预相关健康变化的进一步相关性分析显示,所有参与者的 VSWM 性能(响应准确性和 d')和 HbO 浓度的时间相关变化之间存在正相关,响应准确性和 HbO 之间的类似相关性仅在 HG 组中仍然存在,而其他组则没有。结论 这些发现表明,为期 8 周的体操计划可以提高 VSWM 的表现,并且通过将更高的认知负荷纳入干预中,可以最大限度地发挥这种认知益处。 尽管 PFC 氧合的时间相关变化与 VSWM 表现呈正相关,但体操项目并未改变任务相关的 PFC 氧合,这表明干预诱导的 VSWM 改善可能不仅仅取决于任务相关 PFC 氧合的变化。